a field experiment was conducted in khorramabad to evaluate the efficacy of 12 herbicides [ethalfloralin (3 l.ha-1), trifloralin (2 l.ha-1), pendimethalin (1.5-2.5 l.ha-1), imazethapyr (0.5-0.7 l.ha-1), isoxaflotole (80 g.ha-1), pyridate (2.5 l.ha-1), bentazon (2 l.ha-1), metribuzine (0.7 kg.ha -1), fomesafen (1 l.ha-1), simazine (80 g.ha-1), prometrine (830 g.ha-1), haloxyfop-r-methyl (1 l.ha-...

Jutta Thiemann and Wolfgang Barz Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hindenburgplatz 55, D-48143 Münster, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 49 c, 186-194 (1994); received June 25/December 16,1993 Herbicide Resistance, Selection Mechanism, Photoautotrophic Cell Culture, Chenopodium rubrum For establishing metribuzin-resistant, photo...

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is typically slow and difficult to establish. Field experiments evaluated switchgrass establishment and the response of warm-season grass weeds (large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], broadleaf signalgrass [Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex C. Wright) r.D. Webster], Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) pers.], and Texas panicum [Urochloa texana (Buckl...

grass (Mueller-Warrant and Brewster, 1986), common occurrences in grass seed fields. Seed laws and market Effective weed control was a major concern of Oregon grass seed expectations define allowable limits for weed seed congrowers during their recent transition from open-field burning to mechanical methods of managing post-harvest residues. This 4-yr herbitamination, but production efficiency ...

Tank mixes of a fungicide (metalaxyl) and a nematicide (fenamiphos) with herbicides (isopropalin or pendimethalin) and an insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were applied by soil incorporation or irrigation to control the black shank-root knot complex and weeds on four tobacco cultivars. The disease complex was more severe on cultivars McNair 944, NC-2326, and K-326 than on Speight G-70. The disease com...

Bioslurry phase reactor augmented with ETP microflora was studied for the degradation of pendimethalin contaminated soil. The effect of substrate concentration on the process performance was evaluated in the slurry phase reactor operated in sequence batch mode under anoxic-aerobic-anoxic microenvironment with a total cycle period of 120 h. The performance of augmented slurry phase system was fo...

This study determined the relative sensitivity of five species of aquatic macrophytes and six species of algae to four commonly used herbicides (atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor, and metolachlor). Toxicity tests consisted of 96-h (duckweed and algae) or 14-d (submerged macrophytes) static exposures. The triazine herbicides (atrazine and metribuzin) were significantly more toxic to aquatic plants ...

Uncontrolled weeds cause considerable losses in the grain yield of pigeonpea. Field experiments were conducted for seven years from 1998 to 2004 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of weed management on weeds, growth and grain yield of pigeonpea. In some years, weed dry matter was higher than in others, due to variation in rainfall received. Two hand weedings, pendimethalin in integration ...

Caffeine has been associated with wastewater pollution in temperate and subtropical locations, but environmental caffeine concentrations in tropical locations have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to measure caffeine and agricultural pesticide (carbaryl, metalaxyl, and metribuzin) concentrations in environmental waters on the tropical north shore of Kauai (Hawaii, USA) and a...