The beam delivery system of the carbon ion therapy at GSI has been modified to perform beam tracking [1,2]. Beam tracking is achieved by monitoring the target motion and by adapting the pencil beam in lateral (magnetically) and in longitudinal direction (motorized wedge absorbers). The updated integrated system was experimentally tested for left-right target motion with depth changes that were ...

Navigator echoes (NAVs) provide an effective means of monitoring physiological motion in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Motion artifacts can be suppressed by adjusting the data acquisition accordingly. The standard pencil-beam NAV has been used to detect diaphragm motion; however, it does not monitor cardiac motion effectively. Here we report a navigator approach that directly measures coron...

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood with 250-350 cases diagnosed annually in the United States. Biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma is rare, representing <1% of the RMS cases. Due to its location, resection is clinically challenging, and functional complications exist and persist from biliary obstruction. The anatomical location of this tumor presents both oppo...

Recent developments in radiation therapy have been focused on applications of charged particles, especially—protons. Proton therapy can allow higher dose conformality compared to conventional radiation therapy. Dose calculations have an integral role in the successful application of proton therapy. Over the years several dose calculation methods have been proposed in proton therapy. A common ch...

This paper describes the design of an automobile forward collision avoidance system based on digital beamforming techniques. The advantages of using digital beamforming over the existing system is stressed upon. In the proposed system, an adaptive array of antennas is used in the receiver side to form a pencil beam. The methodology of electronically controlling the direction of the pencil beam ...

Mobile communications demands present new challenges for transmission. Traditionally, antennas used at base stations to communicate with mobile units within an area are omni-directional. In order to allow a higher density of participants within the area, a “pencil” beam is used. The beam tracks and follows the movement of the mobile unit. This results in an additional advantage: the fading effe...

At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), more than 6500 patients have been successfully treated by carbon-ion beams since 1994. The successful results of treatments have led us to construct a new treatment facility equipped with three-dimensional pencil beam scanning irradiation system. The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system installed into the new facility was started in S...