The morphology of Pd nanostructures is a critical parameter for the control of Pd activity in these applications. Like other noble metals, the synthesis of Pd nanostructures with different morphologies has been a challenging task. Many attempts have been made to control the synthesis of Pd nanostructures using surfactants and polymers. However, the drawback of these approaches is the integratio...

In this paper, a new adaptive switching learning control approach, called adaptive switching learning PD control (ASL-PD), is proposed for trajectory tracking of robot manipulators in an iterative operation mode. The ASL-PD control method is a combination of the feedback PD control law with a gain switching technique and the feedforward learning control law with the input torque profile. The to...

This study examines pragmatic language production deficits in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Participants (PD and non-PD) were interviewed and their responses coded for degree of informativeness. PD participants were more under-informative than non-PD participants. Response underinformativeness was associated with decreased executive control, mental status, and speech act comprehension m...

OBJECTIVE Individual muscle activation patterns may be controlled by motor modules constructed by the central nervous system to simplify motor control. This study compared modular control of gait between persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurologically-healthy older adults (HOA) and investigated relationships between modular organization and gait parameters in persons with PD. METHODS...

The aim of this study is to identify and validate protein change in the serum from PD patients. We used serum samples from 21 PD patients and 20 age-matched normal people as control to conduct a comparative proteomic study. We performed 2-DE and analyzed the differentially expressed protein spots by LC-MS/MS. In PD group 13 spots were shown to be differentially expressed compared to control gro...

Abstract The ball and beam system is one of the most popular laboratory experiments for control education. There are two problems for ball and beam control: (1) many laboratories use simple controllers such as PD control, but theory analysis is based on linear models, and (2) nonlinear controllers for the ball and beam system have good theory results, but they are seldom used in laboratories. L...

Duplications and triplications of the α-synuclein (SNCA) gene increase risk for PD, suggesting increased expression levels of the gene to be associated with increased PD risk. However, past SNCA expression studies in brain tissue report inconsistent results. We examined expression of the full-length SNCA transcript (140 amino acid protein isoform), as well as total SNCA mRNA levels in 165 front...

A construction of nonlinear-PD control (NPD control) is considered which applies increased control effort when the system output is moving away from its desired value and reduced effort when the output is moving toward the goal point. Such NPD control has been described previously in the literature and experimentally demonstrated; but to date, no stability proof has been given. For strictly pro...

The current study examined the contribution of brain areas affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) to sequence learning, with a specific focus on response-related processes, spatial attentional control, and executive functioning. Patients with mild PD, patients with moderate PD, and healthy age-matched participants performed three tasks-a sequence learning task with a spatial pattern that was inci...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare the microRNA (miRNA) profile of Parkinson's disease (PD) frontal cortex with normal control brain, allowing for the identification of PD specific signatures as well as study the disease-related phenotypes of onset age and dementia. METHODS Small RNA sequence analysis was performed from prefrontal cortex for 29 PD samples and 33 control samples. ...