In this study, the combined effects of light and water availability on the functional relationships of the relative growth rate (RGR), leaf chemical composition, construction and maintenance costs, and benefits in terms of payback time for Coffea arabica are presented. Coffee plants were grown for 8 months in 100% or 15% full sunlight and then a four-month water shortage was implemented. Plants...

BACKGROUND Primary health care research is under pressure to be accountable to funders in terms of benefits for practice and policy. However, methods to assess the impact of primary health care research must be appropriate to use with the diverse topics, settings and approaches of this sector. This project explored the feasibility of using the Buxton and Hanney Payback Framework to determine th...

Optimal wind farm co-located battery attachments for payback time and emissions reduction via curtailment mitigation.

Low-impact development (LID) practices are gaining popularity as an approach to manage stormwater close to the source. LID practices reduce infrastructure requirements and help maintain hydrologic processes similar to predevelopment conditions. Studies have shown LID practices to be effective in reducing runoff and improving water quality. However, little has been done to aid decision makers in...

Introduction 1 The Information Paradox 2 Review of Basic Finance 4 The Time Value of Money 4 ROI, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period 6 Calculating ROI for an E-business Project 6 Base Case 7 Incorporating the E-business Project 8 Incremental Cash Flows and IRR 10 Uncertainty, Risk, and ROI 11 Uncertainty 11 Sensitivity Analysis 11 Project and Technology Risks 12 Monte Carlo Analy...