Patent deployment has become competition strength for companies. The intelligence property can keep the competition advantage of a company from opponents through the patent deployment which can be visualized by the patent map technique. The patent map is an important strategic tool for establishing design strategies. Our past efforts studied the visualization transformation techniques in design...

Within patent law, there are two primary mechanisms that attempt to afford the appropriate balance between patent owners and subsequent inventors. First are the disclosure doctrines: a patent applicant cannot claim more than what she has actually disclosed in the patent application. A claim that is overly broad because it lacks adequate support in the patent specification is invalid. There is a...

When two inventors file patent applications with overlapping, or “interfering” claims, the U.S. patent rights are awarded to the applicant who establishes priority of invention. Patent interference cases are litigated at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences. The cases offer a unique window into competition between firms in research and innovation. Thi...

In this paper, I systematically analyze the new Japanese Patent Law and make a comparative study on Chinese and Japanese Patent Law to shed a new light on the improvement of the legal system of intellectual property in China. To begin with, I review the historical development of Japanese Patent Law and the modern patent legal system in Japan. Next, the aim and contents of the latest revision of...

Canada's Patent Register is a tool created by the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations to help innovators protect their inventions relating to pharmaceuticals. This tool exists at the intersection between the intellectual property and drug approval regimes. By listing a patent on the Patent Register, an innovator can prevent a generic manufacturer from entering the marketplace ...

background: one of the important etiologies for cryptogenic stroke is paradoxical embolization secondary to patent foramen ovale (pfo). foramen ovale can secondarily reopen due to pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) which is common among the older age. pah is known as a frequent and life threatening complication of copd. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pfo between cop...

Statistical machine translation of patents requires large amounts of sentence-parallel data. Translations of patent text often exist for parts of the patent document, namely title, abstract and claims. However, there are no direct translations of the largest part of the document, the description or background of the invention. We document a twofold approach for extracting parallel data from all...