patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) is the most common overuse syndrome in athletes. it is one of the causes of anterior knee pain in athletic population who come to the sports medicine clinic. patellofemoral pain is more common among female athletes especially adolescents and young adults. symptoms include: persistent pain behind the patella or peripatella. pain increases on ascending and desc...

Patellar instability is a generic term that is used to describe patellar dislocation, patellar subluxation, and general symptomatic instability. Patellofemoral instability is a relatively difficult condition to treat; accurate management of the condition should take into account the anatomy of the joint and its stabilizing structures. The goal of any treatment should be to restore the normal an...

The patellofemoral joint presents a complex challenge to the surgeon. There are many surgical options for treatment, but none is universally successful in all cases. Tibial tubercle osteotomy has a long history in the distal approach to treating patellar problems. The current approach to the patellofemoral joint continues to evolve. Previous standard measurements and treatments are being re-exa...

Traumatic patellar dislocation is an injury that can predispose an individual to recurrent instability, chronic pain, and loss of function. These injuries are usually associated with disruption of the medial patellofemoral ligament and often have osteochondral lesions present. We feel that restoration of the normal anatomy will provide the best chance for return to full function. Therefore, in ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid- and long-term outcome of the modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure, as well as to detect factors affecting it. Thirty-eight patients (44 procedures) with a mean age of 31 years were included in this study. The reason for operation was patellar instability in 10 cases, anterior knee pain with malalignment of the extensor mechanism in 15 cases and a com...

Lateral retinacular release is a useful resource in knee surgery that can be used for disorders of the extensor mechanism. For many years, it was indiscriminately used in the treatment of the various patellofemoral joint alterations, with conflicting functional results. This study aimed to analyze the changes that have occurred in the indications and clinical effectiveness of lateral retinacula...

A careful history and physical examination are the cornerstones of orthopaedic sports medicine. When evaluating a patient for ligamentous instability of the knee joint, an understanding of the contribution of anatomic structures to stability enhances a practitioner's ability to achieve an accurate clinical diagnosis. This article reviews the various types of knee instability and the associated ...

Axial radiographs were obtained under valgus and external rotation stress at 45 degrees of knee flexion with and without contraction of the quadriceps muscle in order to assess the dynamics of patellar subluxation or dislocation. The radiography was performed on 82 knees in 61 patients with patellofemoral instability, and on 44 normal knees. The lateral patellofemoral angle and the congruence a...

CONTEXT Patellar dislocation usually occurs to the lateral side, leading to ruptures of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) in about 90% of the cases. Even though several prognostic factors are identified for patellofemoral instability after patellar dislocation so far, the appropriate therapy remains a controversial issue. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Authors searched the Medline library for s...