Adaptation to specialized environments allows microorganisms to inhabit an enormous variety of ecological niches. Growth inside plant tissues is a niche offering a constant nutrient supply, but to access this niche, plant defense mechanisms ranging from passive barriers to induced defense reactions have to be overcome. Pathogens have to break several, if not all, of these barriers. For this pur...

Seeds have well-established passive physical and chemical defense mechanisms that protect their food reserves from decay-inducing organisms and herbivores. However, there are few studies evaluating potential biochemical defenses of dormant seeds against pathogens. Caryopsis decay by the pathogenic Fusarium avenaceum strain F.a.1 was relatively rapid in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) isoline "M73," w...

Abstract With the rapid development of national power industry, security information network has been widely concerned by society, and related impact also prominent. At this stage, technology is more inseparable from network, so become important, if a serious threat in practical application, loss caused will be unbearable. In process controlling one most important effective methods active defen...

This study evaluated defense mechanism differences between younger and older adults and also assessed the relationship between defense mechanisms and perceived stress, in order to provide evidence of construct validity of a self-reported defense mechanisms scale. Community-dwelling younger (n = 259; M age = 19.7 years) and older adults (n = 69; M age = 70.8 years) completed the Defense Style Qu...

This paper addresses one of the most promising technologies that meets the demand in terms of miniaturization and increased performance. IPDiA has developed a range of silicon interposers which, when combined with Integrated Passive Devices (IPD) and Through Silicon Vias (TSV), offer a new solution to related portable products, implantable medical devices, avionics and defense.