Thermal management of batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is essential for effective operation in all climates. This has been recognized in the design of battery modules and packs for pre-production prototype or production EVs and HEVs. Designs are evolving and various issues are being addressed. There are trade-offs between performance, functionality, volum...

BACKGROUND Worldwide, a significant proportion of infants needing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxia-ischaemia are transported to a higher-level facility for neonatal intensive care. They pose technical challenges to transport teams in cooling them. Concerns exist about the efficacy of passive cooling in neonatal transport to achieve a neurotherapeutic temprature. Servo-controlled cooling in t...

Water evaporation has a marked effect on the passive rates of body temperature change of eristaline hoverflies. It results in the equilibrium temperature of these flies being significantly lower than ambient temperature. Different values for the cooling and warming constants are therefore obtained depending on whether equilibrium or ambient temperature is used as the baseline. Hence, care must ...

We emphasize the importance of the gas entropy in studying the evolution of cluster gas evolving under the influence of radiative cooling. On this basis, we develop an analytical model for this evolution. We then show that the assumptions needed for such a model are consistent with a numerical solution of the same equations. We postulate that the passive cooling phase ends when the central gas ...

Due to increasing applications of extended surfaces as passive methods of cooling, study of thermal behaviors and development of mathematical solutions to nonlinear thermal models of extended surfaces have been the subjects of research in cooling technology over the years. In the thermal analysis of fin, various methods have been applied to solve the nonlinear thermal models. This paper focuses...