Much attention has been paid to bilateral negotiation in which the dispute is between only two parties. However, automated multilateral negotiation in which more than two negotiating parties need to reach a joint agreement, has received relatively less attention, even though such negotiations are required in many circumstances (e.g. a group of managers making a joint decision for their company ...

external effects or opposabilité is a legal subject that some legal authors of france take advantage of which for clarifying the scope of the doctrine of the privity of contract and as a complementary principal. the use of the foresaid term does not go back to a long way and there is still a dispute over its bases. because the doctrine of the privity of contract is adapted from the civil code o...

the character of cosmopolitanism in e-commerce disputes is much more complicated than in normal international transactions. internet environment has created challenges and changes about the governing law of contracts in this space. this cyber space has technical and legal differences in compared with physical environment. in this paper, we intend to answer this question that in dispute arising ...

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The problem of scientific fraud has been used to indict the whole system of science. The response of the scientific community has been understandably heated but insufficient. The discussion seems to have reached an impasse as both parties in the dispute share mistaken views. A switch is needed to a framework in which the democratic foundation of the scientific society and the free spirit of sci...

The Arbitration Act 1996 states that a request for stay must be conceded before the individual against whom procedures were brought has made any move to respond substantively case and no sooner than after fitting technical advancements (assuming any) are recognize lawful procedures. ZPO provides challenge arise prior start of oral hearing on matter dispute. When raising an issue with courts law...

Evaluation of intervention in environmental disputes has largely relied on retrospective approaches. These are summative in nature, usually conducted at the conclusion of the intervention effort, and sometimes after one or two years. Retrospective analyses can offer insight into whether or not an intervention process was successful on a number of important dimensions. For example, success can b...

This article discusses and analyzes the introducing Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in criminal litigation, which refers to the process of dispute resolution, denotes the idea of making the system of delivering justice friendly to the disputed parties and ensuring quick resolution of the cases. For its simplicity the popularity of this system is increasing day by day. The justice seekers o...

In this paper we present a certified e-mail system which provides fairness while making use of a TTP only in exceptional circumstances. Our system guarantees that the recipient gets the content of the e-mail if and only if the sender receives an incontestable proof-of-receipt. Our protocol involves two communicating parties, a sender and a recipient, but only the recipient is allowed to misbeha...

We develop a model of bargaining and litigation in the context of patent licensing (or any contractual setting). Following Priest and Klein (1984) we developed a model that explicitly allows for (1) multiple parties (leading to asymmetry of stakes), (2) binding precedent, and (3) pre-dispute bargaining done in the “shadow” of precedent-setting courts. The pre-dispute bargaining creates an endog...