We study the optimal combination of corporate tax rate and tax base in a model of a small open economy with heterogeneous firms. We show that it is optimal for the small country’s government to effectively subsidize capital inputs by granting a tax allowance in excess of the true costs of capital. Economic integration reduces the optimal capital subsidy and drives low-productivity firms from th...

Problematica are taxa that defy robust phylogenetic placement. Traditionally the term was restricted to fossil forms, but it is clear that extant taxa may be just as difficult to place, whether using morphological or molecular (nucleotide, gene or genomic) markers for phylogeny reconstruction. We discuss the kinds and causes of Problematica within the Metazoa, as well as criteria for their reco...

Colony. He was elected F.R.C.P. (Edinburgh) in 1926 and was Morison Lecturer in 1947: he was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, Fellow and ex President of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, twice Chairman of the Bath Division, and in 1947, President of the Bath, Bristol and Somerset Branch of the B.M.A. In 1929 he was elected to the Council of the B.M.A. and shortly after this beca...