Between 1960 and 1998, bears caused 42 serious or fatal human injuries in the Province of Alberta—29 (69%) by grizzly (brown) bears (Ursus arctos) and 13 (31%) by American black bears (U. americanus). Considering Alberta’s estimated bear population—about 1,000 grizzly bears and 38,000–39,000 black bears—these numbers suggest that the grizzly bears are the more dangerous of the 2 species. Seriou...

INTRODUCTION Recreational and transportation infrastructure can promote physical activity among children and adolescents. The Play Across Boston community-based research project sought to estimate and compare playground renovation rates across Boston areas before and after a playground quality assessment, to describe changes in playground quality among a subset of parks, and to document feature...

In this paper, several modiications of the Parks-McClellan (PM) program are described that treat the band edges diierently than does the PM program. The rst exchange algorithm we describe allows (1) the explicit speciication of p and s and (2) the speciication of the half-magnitude frequency, !o. The set of lowpass lters obtained with this algorithm is the same as the set of lowpass lters produ...

Root-Nyquist filters are crucial components in data communications and recently the ability to attach fractional sample delay attributes to them has become very important. Here we explore the application of Chebyshev approximation to design of such filters. Special attention is paid to the use of the Karam-McClellan algorithm, a fully complex extension of the well-established ParksMcClellan alg...

OBJECTIVES Physical activity may be constrained or facilitated by local environments. The availability of neighborhood facilities for physical activity may be particularly relevant for youth, who are unable to drive and whose activity is often limited to the immediate distance they are able to walk or bicycle. Several studies have shown that proximity to recreational facilities and parks is one...

The improper layout of urban public parks leads to the difference between citizens sharing or not sharing this kind of public resource, particularly in the historical districts of mountainous cities in China. The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial equity and quantitative measures of urban public parks’ layouts by building a demand index of socially vulnerable groups sharing public ...

t a time of ever more constrained finances and increasing demands on state parks, the support of a constituency with a statewide focus on the health and integrity of a park system as a whole can be critical. This paper assesses Missouri’s experience with constituency groups, including, in the past two decades, a citizen organization devoted solely to state parks and historic sites, the Missouri...

Children are the risk group for toxocariasis because they often play in public parks which are easily contaminated and also because pica is common among children. In the current study, soil samples from 111 parks in Aydin, a city in western Turkey, were assessed. Out of 111, 21 (18.91%) were contaminated with Toxocara spp eggs. Our public parks showed a high toxocariasis risk in our city and th...

he people of the USA love their national parks. Approximately 300 million visits were recorded at national parks in 2000, the vast majority being domestic visitors. The love affair between U.S. citizens and national parks is so intense, in fact, that it is often stated that the parks are “being loved to death.” Of the many challenges facing the National Park Service (NPS) in the 21st century, e...

BACKGROUND Centers for Disease Control (CDC) data suggest that Latinos are less likely to be physically active and more likely to be overweight and suffer from resulting complications than are Whites and that within the Latino population, Latina women are especially at risk. Therefore, promoting physical activity among Latinos, and understanding gender participation patterns within that populat...