Abstract Host behaviour can be influenced by parasitic risk and infection through a variety of direct indirect mechanisms. We expect individuals expressing different phenotypes to also differ in the ways their is altered parasites. used land snail Cepaea nemoralis , species with various shell colour morphs differing physiology, as model study link between parasite response individual variation....

Virulent parasites can depress the densities of their hosts. Taxa that reduce disease via dilution effects might alleviate this burden. However, 'diluter' taxa can also depress host densities through competition for shared resources. The combination of disease and interspecific competition could even drive hosts extinct. Then again, genetically variable host populations can evolve in response t...

Host resistance to parasites can come in two main forms: hosts may either reduce the probability of parasite infection (anti-infection resistance) or reduce parasite growth after infection has occurred (anti-growth resistance). Both resistance mechanisms are often imperfect, meaning that they do not fully prevent or clear infections. Theoretical work has suggested that imperfect anti-growth res...

fish is one of the important nutrient sources in many parts of the world. consumption of fish like other parts of the world is high in khoozestan province. the role of fish in transmission of some parasitic agents to human is investigated by many researchers. this study aims to investigate internal and external zoonosis parasites and the importance of these parasites in transferring disease in ...

The ability to manipulate host behaviour is among the most fascinating and best-studied adaptations of parasites. In this opinion article, we highlight trends and biases in the study of this phenomenon that may cloud or limit our understanding of its evolution. For instance, reviews and theoretical studies have shown a disproportionately sharp increase in the past decade relative to empirical s...

Faecal samples were collected from 40 Indian elephants (Elephas maximus) revealed 62.5 percent parasitic prevalence. Amongst the single infection of parasites, high prevalence of Fasciolias spp. (15.00 %) was observed followed by percent prevalence of mixed infection. Elephants harbouring parasites were found clinically dull, depressed and lethargic. About 48 percent elephants manifested dehydr...

  The aim of the present study was to report Philometra rischta from Blicca bjoerkna from the Caspian Sea. During this study, from August (2008) to April (2009), 78 fish specimens were collected and transferred to the aquatic research laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University and were examined for parasitic infection. Parasites were fixed in formalin (10%). The parasites were indentified accordi...

The fragmentation of howler monkeys (Alouatta) habitat to make room for the urban environment, allows spread zoonotic diseases. objective this study was verify occurrence helminth eggs in feces Alouatta guariba clamitans 2 biological reserves located Porto Alegre - RS. Lami and São Pedro, respectively, presented gastrointestinal parasites superfamilies Strongyloidea; Oxyuroidea, Trichuroidea Rh...

Background: Infected with intestinal parasites is one of the most important health and economical problems, which could have different effects, such as diarrheal diseases or death associated. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites in the vegetable marketed in Ilam city. Methods: This study was performed on 280 samples of fresh...

Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi are the parasites that infect humans. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause most of the malarial infections worldwide. Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi are susceptible to chloroquine. Chloroquine was the world's most widely used antim...