Brown alga, Turbinaria conoides was successively extracted with n-hexane, cyclohexane, methanol and ethanol:water (1:1). The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities by disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for active extracts by broth dilution method. The antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of the extracts were tested in human embryon...

Sequence comparison of the V/P and F genes of 13 human, canine, porcine and simian isolates of simian virus 5 (SV5) revealed a surprising lack of sequence variation at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels (0-3%), even though the viruses were isolated over 30 years and originated from countries around the world. Furthermore, there were no clear distinguishing amino acid or nucleotide differ...

A single radial hemolysis assay for parainfluenza-3 virus antibody is described as a simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise alternative to hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization tests. A highly significant correlation exists between single radial hemolysis zone areas and hemagglutination inhibition titers of both serum and nasal secretion samples. Antibody conversions equivalent...

A cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt10 using mRNA purified from cells infected with parainfluenza virus type 2 (PIV2). Virus-specific clones were identified by screening the library with 32P-labelled cDNA probes made from randomly primed vRNA. Clones containing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene were identified by sequence comparisons with known parainfluenza virus HN gene sequen...

The myxoviruses which infect man can be divided into two major subgroups (Table 1): the influenza subgroup which includes influenza virus types A, B, and C and the noninfluenza subgroup which includes parainfluenza types 1 (HA-2), 2 (CA), 3 (HA-1), and 4, mumps, measles, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Related but distinct antigenic variants or subtypes have been detected among types of both...

Over a 20-year period in a population of otherwise healthy children, respiratory viruses have been cultured from nasal wash specimens from each child with a clinically significant respiratory illness. Since efforts are underway to develop vaccines for prevention of illness due to parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 3, the epidemiologic characteristics of PIVs were reviewed, and the population size n...

Chemokine mRNA expression by pulmonary leukocytes following infection of BALB/c mice with two strains of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and one strain of parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) was determined. The results suggest that RSV G and/or SH proteins inhibit early MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-2, MCP-1, and IP-10 mRNA expression. TCA-3 mRNA expression was found to be increased during PIV-3 ...

An evaluation of selected commonly used procedures for the recovery of endogenous viral contaminants in bovine serum was undertaken. Low speen centrifugation (25,000 x g) was found to be efficient for the recovery of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and parainfluenza virus type 3(PI-3) in bovine serum. Decreased infectivity titers were obtained when parainfluenza virus type 3, and to a lesser ...

A porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 (species Porcine respirovirus 1) cell culture isolate, USA/MN25890NS/2016, was obtained from porcine nasal swabs, and its complete genome sequence (GenBank accession number MF681710) was determined to help further characterize this virus.

By analysing complementary DNA clones constructed from genomic RNA of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPIV3), we determined the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the entire F and HN genes. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed about 80% homologies with those of human parainfluenza 3 virus (HPIV3), about 45% with those of Sendai virus, and about 20% with those of SV5 and Newcastle d...