INTRODUCTION Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is characterized by the sudden onset of severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms and/or eating restriction along with at least two coinciding neuropsychiatric symptoms. When associated with group A Streptococcus, the syndrome is labeled Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS)...

An autoimmune hypothesis has been suggested for early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome. The term: Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) has been proposed as an aetiological subtype of OCD and TS, related to a Group A beta haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection that triggers an autoimmune response. Antineura...

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis, regardless of their aetiology, are one the most frequent reasons for visiting a family doctor or paediatrician. Nearly 85% pharyngitis cases viral. It is estimated that bacterial throat infection occurs in 15% schoolage children 4–10% adult patients. Streptococcus pyogenes common cause pharyngitis. PANDAS stands paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders assoc...

There is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome, and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). The mechanistic details of this pathophysiology, however, remain unclear. Here we focus on one particular component of the immune system: micro...

INTRODUCTION Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can induce PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection). GABHS is the most important and common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in Iranian children. We studied the role of GABHS (anti-streptococcal antibodies) in suspected cases of PANDAS in a cross sectional studies. METHODS Acr...

This Special Section of Int J Neuropsychopharmacol highlights current progress in paediatric neuropsychopharmacology. Combining critical reviews and, in some cases, new data, specific topics include: biological findings in major depression, sleep dysregulation in depressed youth, cardiovascular and ventilatory dysregulation in panic disorder, paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder asso...

OBJECTIVE If pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections is a unique clinical entity, we hypothesized that children meeting diagnostic criteria would have more clinical exacerbations temporally linked to bona fide group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection than matched control subjects (chronic tic and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder with no kno...

1479 In the late 1980s, studies of children with Sydenham chorea (SC), the neurological manifestation of rheumatic fever, suggested that the disorder might serve as a useful model of pathophysiology for some forms of childhood-onset obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders. The disorders share anatomic similarities. Both OCD and SC have evidence of basal ganglia dysfunction, particu...