as a part of a major ecological study of hanna wetland, semirum region, isfahan province, parasitic infestation of 3 native and one introduced fish species were investigated. a total of 120 fish specimens were collected by both cast net and a series of gillnets between fall and winter 2007, and spring and summer 2008. some of the observed parasites are reported for the first time as new host re...

Introduction
 Poplars and aspens (Populus sp.) are common in forest stands, shelterbelts, rural landscaping, special plantations as short-rotation woody crops; they promising tree species for biofuel bioenergy production. Wood-boring insects browse galleries a stem or branches that interrupt sap circulation promote infestation by plant pathogens. Some of these can additionally weaken trees...

The aim of the present study was to determine the remineralization effects of xylitol chewing gum containing funoran and calcium hydrogenphosphate on enamel subsurface lesions in humans. The study was a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, with 4 types of gum: (1) xylitol gum, (2) xylitol gum containing funoran and calcium hydrogenphosphate, (3) sugar gum, and (4) gum base as a control....

— The following new species of Cochliopinae (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae) are described: Aroapyrgus polius from Mexico; Cochliopa perforata from Costa Rica; Heleobops clytus from the Dominican Republic; H. torquatus from Jamaica; Lithococcus aletes from Costa Rica; and Littoridina microcona from Costa Rica. In addition, the following new genera and species are described: Mesobia pristina from Ho...

(2818) Ficus trigona L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 441. Apr 1782 [Angiosp.: Mor.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: Suriname, [C.G. Dahlberg] 159 in Herb. Linnaeus No. 1240.12 (LINN), typ. After reviewing their protologues and typification, we found that f. (Suppl. 1782) should be considered a superfluous illegitimate name because at the time of its publication it contained single syntype F. trigonata (Pl. Surin.:...

Deafferentation of the auditory nerve from loss of sensory cells is associated with degeneration of nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). SGN survival following deafferentation can be enhanced by application of neurotrophic factors (NTF), and NTF can induce the regrowth of SGN peripheral processes. Cochlear prostheses could provide targets for regrowth of afferent peripheral processes...