Orthodontic patients experience pain and discomfort to a varying degree during the course of treatment. Since pain is one of the important reasons for not seeking the orthodontic treatment, pain control is important both for patient and clinician. In the present article we made an attempt to highlight the various orthodontic procedures which cause pain and discomfort, mechanism of pain and the ...

BACKGROUND To assess the attitude to and perception of transvaginal sonography (TVS) among Nigerian women of mixed educational status in order to ascertain factors that may prevent them from submitting to TVS when recommended. METHODS A Cross-sectional survey was adopted for the study. In all, one missionary, one government and eight private hospitals were enlisted. The instruments for data c...

: This study aimed to evaluate effect of pre-gynecological examination counselingsessions on relieving women’s pain, discomfort, and enhancing their satisfaction.

Low back pain is a very common health issue treated in primary care and carries varying definitions. The European Guidelines for Prevention of Back Pain characterizes it as “pain discomfort, localized below the costal margin above inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg (sciatica)”, whereas S. Kinkade defines that occurs posteriorly region between lower rib proximal thighs&rdquo...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that pain threat appraisal and catastrophizing by children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) will moderate the relation between parent verbal behavior and children's symptom complaints following experimentally induced visceral discomfort. METHODS Thirty-three pediatric patients with FAP and their parents participated. Children completed measures of pain t...

A 73-year-old man presented with bilateral shoulder discomfort. Although the onset of his discomfort seemed to be associated with exertion, there was no chest pain. A month later, a stress test reproduced the shoulder discomfort but again without chest pain. Angiography showed significant coronary artery disease, so the patient was booked for coronary artery bypass grafting 2 months later. Rout...

BACKGROUND Discomfort characterized by pain and warmth are common adverse effects associated with the use of intra-arterial iodinated contrast media (CM). The objective of this review was to pool patient-reported outcomes available from head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to compare the discomfort rates associated with iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM; i.e., iodixanol) to those...

Gastrointestinal symptoms are predominant in Crohn's disease. Oral manifestations may also occur. The prevalence of oral manifestations varies between 0.5% and 37%. The manifestations may coincide with or precede gastrointestinal symptoms, and can be subdivided into specific and non-specific lesions. In most patients, lesions are asymptomatic but some patients experience serious discomfort. Ora...

In order to investigate the effects of physical discomfort (i.e., pain) on the induction of mood, 139 participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: sad, sad with physical discomfort, happy, and happy with physical discomfort. Consistent with our hypotheses, the addition of physical discomfort resulted in a significantly stronger induction of self-reported depression, with these...

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a Swedish massage intervention on oncology patients' perceived level of distress. Each patient's distress level was measured using 4 distinct dimensions: pain, physical discomfort, emotional discomfort, and fatigue. A total of 251 oncology patients volunteered to participate in this nonrandomized single-group pre- and post design study for...