one of the main challenges in wireless sensor network is energy problem and life cycle of nodes in networks. several methods can be used for increasing life cycle of nodes. one of these methods is load balancing in nodes while transmitting data from source to destination. directed diffusion algorithm is one of declared methods in wireless sensor networks which is data-oriented algorithm. direct...

This paper tries to estimate the capital investment required for the fixed-telephony network switching equipment as demanded by the fourth national development plan. As a first step, the Cobb-Douglas model is used as a successful demand forecasting model to estimate the demand over the target years. Then, an architectural plan is developed for the fixed-telephony switching network that takes in...

Wireless networks, Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE), and smart homes have become extremely important terms in our present-day life. Most of the buildings, companies, institutions, and even homes depend onthese technologies for interaction, communication, automation, and everything surrounding humans. To understand the advanced topics in wireless networks and IoT devi...

Active Queue Management (AQM) plays an important role in the Internet congestion control. It tries to enhance congestion control, and to achieve tradeoff between bottleneck utilization and delay. Random Early Detection (RED) is the most popular active queue management algorithm that has been implemented in the in Internet routers and is trying to supply low delay and low packet loss. RED al...

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) undergo congestion when a link (or a node) becomes overpopulated in terms of incoming packets. In WMSNs this happens especially in upstream nodes where all incoming packets meet and directed to the sink node. Congestion in networks, if not handled properly, might lead to congestion collapse which deteriorates the quality of service (QoS). Therefore, i...

Active Queue Management (AQM) plays an important role in the Internet congestion control. It tries to enhance congestion control, and to achieve tradeoff between bottleneck utilization and delay. Random Early Detection (RED) is the most popular active queue management algorithm that has been implemented in the in Internet routers and is trying to supply low delay and low packet loss. RED al...

providing a high-quality service for transmission and playing real-time voice conversations (voice streaming) over wireless ad-hoc networks is no mean feat. buffering together with adjusting the playout time of the packets is a receiver-side solution to overcome this challenge. in this paper, a new adaptive playout adjustment algorithm is proposed to stream the voice conversations over wireless...

As cellular packet data services become widely deployed by the rollout of the networks such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and 3G cellular networks, packet-switched voice service such as voice over IP (VoIP) can soon be expected to be offered as an alternative to circuit-switched voice service. While circuit-switched voice offers better quality, packet-switched voice offers better resou...