In Wireless Sensor Networks, sensor nodes are controlled by either base station or without bases station. In our scheme, the sensor nodes are not depends on the base station. Once the sensor node sent a packet to the destination node, the residual energy is calculated through the multipath routing approach. In this research work, an Efficient Position based Packet Forwarding Protocol (EPPFP) to...

As a simple example, consider flooding. In flooding a source broadcasts a data packet along with a unique identifier (UID). This UID is used by every receiver to check if it has already heard this packet before or not. If not the receiver broadcasts the packet. In this way the data packet is eventually transmitted by every node in the network, except the receiver. How might we get a UID? The UI...

We study the effects of allowing multiple packets to flow simultaneously in a cooperative multi-hop transmission system, where a group of nodes in each hop transmits the same message to another group of nodes in a cooperative manner. Although, the packet delivery rate may increase with multiple packet flows, however, the desired signals of one packet may get interfered with the signals of the o...

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a pool of independent, dynamic, wireless devices that forms a network, devoid of no permanent infrastructure. This inherent features and wireless nature of mobile ad hoc networks makes them vulnerable to a wide variety of attacks. To discover routes with trusted nodes, we propose an approach for constructing a route without malicious nodes. To forward packets ...

Efficient routing protocols for data packet delivery are crucial to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). However, communication in UWSNs is a challenging task because of the characteristics of the acoustic channel. Network coding is a promising technique for efficient data packet delivery thanks to the broadcast nature of acoustic channels and the relatively high computation capabilities of the ...

In Disruption Tolerant Networks, packet forwarding scheme has a major drawback in terms of network congestion. In order to solve this problem, a New Adaptive Routing Proposal (NARP) has been proposed NARP uses the message forwarding probability scheme in order to increase the delivery ratio and bandwidth utilization. Also, NARP arranges the dropping sequence based on their assigned priority. Th...

Since the packet is transmitted to a set of relaying nodes in opportunistic routing strategy, so the transmission delay and the duplication transmission are serious. For reducing the transmission delay and the duplicate transmission, in this paper, we propose the delay based duplication transmission avoid (DDA) coordination scheme for opportunistic routing. In this coordination scheme, the cand...

In this paper, we have performed a comparative analysis on three different MANET protocols with respect to packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, average end-to-end delay, routing overhead, normalized routing load (NRL), packet drop and packet loss metrics. The protocols considered are DSR, AODV and DSDV. The first two protocols fall under reactive whereas the third one is a proactive protoco...

Flooding is the simplest and most effective way to disseminate a packet to all nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, basic flooding makes all nodes transmit the packet at least once, resulting in the broadcast storm problem in a worst case, and in turn, network resources are severely wasted. Particularly, power is the most valuable resource of WSNs as nodes are powered by batteries...

Ensuring QoS is the major research dimension in the area of MANET by which reliable transmission of data is ensured. This research focuses in proposing a routing mechanism which ensures QoS through packet scheduling. The proposed routing scheme has contributions three fold. At first, a QoS-aware neighbor node selection mechanism is incorporated in order to meet the transmission delay requiremen...