Kinetic data for the Knorr pyrazole synthesis were acquired using transient flow methods, including a novel reactant stoichiometry ramping method, providing new insights into mechanism, autocatalysis and an unexpected intermediate.

Bibliographie: Knorr, Dagmar: Promovieren als handlungsorientiertes Projekt. Das Kaskadenmodell wissenschaftlicher Textproduktion, Exposé – Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliches Schreiben und Publizieren, 1-2021, S. 14-17. https://doi.org/10.3224/expose.v2i1.05

Cadmium carbonate was found to be a useful promoter in the Koenigs-Knorr synthesis of 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexyl-beta-D-glycopyranosides. Using this promoter model glucoside and galactoside derivatives of cyclic (i.e., secondary) alcohols were synthesized in 50-60 % overall yields. Diastereoisomeric mixtures of products were obtained in these syntheses, which started from racemic isomers of ...

1Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Applications, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Haute Alsace, 4 rue des Frères Lumière, 68093 Mulhouse, France 2Department of Mathematics, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia 3Department of Mathematics, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gšöteborg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden Ad...

Ever since Lotka (1926) published his inverse square law of scientific productivity, both the nature and origin of the phenomenon have been investigated in the literature. Although the specific parameters of those functions which indicate what proportion of scientists produces what bulk of scientific products vary with different indices (Davis, 1941; Leavens, 1953; Price, 1963; Britton, 1964; A...

J. David Singer is Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan. A pioneer in the effort to render the study of international politics more scientific, his many important works include authorship of Deterrence, Arms Control, and Disarmament (1962) and editorship of Human Behavior and International Politics (1965) and Quantitative International Politics (1968). As can be seen in ...

BACKGROUND The Birch reduction of electron rich pyrroles does not occur readily. However, dissolving metal reduction with zinc under acidic conditions gives 3-pyrrolines (2,5-dihydropyrroles) in reasonable yield. This dissolving metal reduction was first reported by Knorr and Rabe in 1901 but since then has only been reported for the reduction of electron rich pyrroles. RESULTS The partial re...

The 3-glucosides of nonamidated lithocholic, chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and cholic acids, and their double conjugate forms with glycine and taurine were synthesized. The key reactions used were 1) beta-D- glucosidation at C-3 by the Koenigs-Knorr condensation reaction of 3 alpha-hydroxylated bile acid methyl (or p-nitrophenyl) esters with 1 alpha-bromo-1-deoxy-2, 3, 4, 6-te...