TNFα is one of the inflammatory cytokines which plays an important role in activating the Caspase and inducing the apoptosis. This cytokine which is secreted in inflammations, induces the NO production in macrophages and leads to differentiation of the macrophages to the epithelioid and giant cells. One of the most important factors which stimulates the TNFα secretion, is LPS and th...

The birth or presence of a child with hearing defect provides unique and different challenges for family. However, in this situation all family members are hurt and their functions are impaired, but the mother, due to the traditional role of caregiver for these children to have more responsibility, more psychosocial problems may be encountered. The assumption is that the problems associated wit...

En la agroindustria, quinua es considerada un alimento funcional para por sus beneficios salud. Sin embargo, necesario identificar genotipos que proporcionen mejores características fisicoquímicas y alta capacidad antioxidante selección en los programas de mejoramiento genético. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar composición fisicoquímica originarios Brasil, Colombia Ecuador cultivados con...

For terrestrial plants, maintenance of the integrity of the rootto-leaf water transport pathway is essential for sustaining photosynthetic 9as exchange and growth. The problem of maintaining long-distance water transport is especially challengin9 in trees because path-length resistances and gravity can result in steep gradients of increasing xylem tension from roots to terminal branches, potent...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which are both important to TB protection, is essential to unravel the mechanisms of protection and to identify the key antigens seen by these T cells. We have recently identified a set of in vivo expressed Mtb genes (IVE-TB) whi...

The development of fast and inexpensive methods for sequencing bacterial genomes has led to a wealth of data, often with many genomes being sequenced of the same species or closely related organisms. Thus, there is a need for visualization methods that will allow easy comparison of many sequenced genomes to a defined reference strain. The BLASTatlas is one such tool that is useful for mapping a...

the birth or presence of a child with hearing defect provides unique and different challenges for family. however, in this situation all family members are hurt and their functions are impaired, but the mother, due to the traditional role of caregiver for these children to have more responsibility, more psychosocial problems may be encountered. the assumption is that the problems associated wit...

Hydraulic failure is one of the main causes of tree mortality in conditions of severe drought. Resistance to cavitation is known to be strongly related to drought tolerance and species survival in conifers, but the threshold of water-stress-induced embolism leading to catastrophic xylem dysfunction in angiosperms has been little studied. We investigated the link between drought tolerance, survi...

The genome of all densoviruses (DNVs) so far isolated from mosquitoes or mosquito cell lines consists of a 4-kb single-stranded DNA molecule with a monosense organization (genus Brevidensovirus, subfamily Densovirinae). We previously reported the isolation of a Culex pipiens DNV (CpDNV) that differs significantly from brevidensoviruses by (i) having a approximately 6-kb genome, (ii) lacking seq...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is widely accepted that hydraulic failure due to xylem embolism is a key factor contributing to drought-induced mortality in trees. In the present study, an attempt is made to disentangle phenotypic plasticity from genetic variation in hydraulic traits across the entire distribution area of a tree species to detect adaptation to local environments. METHODS A series of t...