In a graph G, an efficient dominating set is a subset D of vertices such that D is an independent set and each vertex outside D has exactly one neighbor in D. The Efficient Dominating Set problem (EDS) asks for the existence of an efficient dominating set in a given graph G. The EDS is known to be NP -complete for P7-free graphs, and is known to be polynomial time solvable for P5-free graphs. H...

The high population and the lack of productive land in Indonesia cause environmental problems caused by pollution waste. Urban farming could be a solution to provide food needs can also improve urban conditions. Lettuce are suitable for cultivation areas, taste benefits make lettuce have good prospects. Reusing waste such as roasted husks goat manure fertilizer beneficial environment. This rese...

Abundant coffee bean husk acquires an alternative source of fiber for livestock feed, but a high level the crude it became obstacle. Solid-state fermentation technology using lignocellulolytic fungi is known to be able improve nutritional quality feedstuff that have content. Its mechanism through degradation lignocellulose fraction and enhance protein This study aimed determine fermented with c...

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi lesitin dan susu skim terhadap sifat fisikokimia sensoris hard candy toffee. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor, yaitu konsentrasi (P) yang terdiri atas tujuh taraf: 0,7:0% (P1); 0,6:0,1% (P2); 0,5:0,2% (P3); 0,4:0,3% (P4); 0,3:0,4% (P5); 0,2:0,6% (P6); 0,1:0,6% (P7) diulang sebanyak empat kali. ...

Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is a perennial woody shrub bearing large and colorful flowers. However, the flowering period is short and relatively uniform, which to an important extent hinders the cultivation and exploitation of ornamental peonies. In this study, the segregation of an F₁ population derived from P. ostti 'Feng Dan' (an early-flowering cultivar) × P. suffruticosa 'Xin...

Lucilia sericata maggots have beneficial properties; however, their protective effects on burn wounds have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, a deep second‑degree burn rat model was used to investigate the burn wound healing properties of aqueous extract of maggots (MAE). The anti‑inflammatory, antioxidative and antibacterial activities were examined. In addition, the protein exp...

In a finite undirected graph G = (V,E), a vertex v ∈ V dominates itself and its neighbors in G. A vertex set D ⊆ V is an efficient dominating set (e.d. for short) of G if every v ∈ V is dominated in G by exactly one vertex of D. The Efficient Domination (ED) problem, which asks for the existence of an e.d. in G, is known to be NP-complete for P7-free graphs but solvable in linear time for P5-fr...

this paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars (alfc) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in sahand horticultural research station (shrs), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. alfc make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...