OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of alcohol and substance use in a South African antenatal population and its correlates with socio-demographic factors, depression and perceived stress. METHODS A prospective self-report study on all women presenting for their first antenatal visit who consented to the study at a midwife obstetric unit (MOU) in the East Metropole district, Cape Town, using t...

BACKGROUND Energy drinks (EDs) are very popular among young people, who consume them for various reasons. A standard ED typically contains 80 mg of caffeine, as well as glucose, taurine, vitamins and other ingredients. Excessive consumption of EDs and accumulation of the above ingredients, as well as their mutual interactions, can be hazardous to the health of young adults. The purpose of this ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are major obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms. Snorers with apnea/hypopnea index < 5 are designated "simple snorers" and do not meet OSA criteria. This study aimed to explore a possible association between snoring intensity and EDS defined as Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores ≥ 11 in non-OSA subjects. STUDY DESIGN Pro...

BACKGROUND Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common and disabling in Parkinson's disease (PD). Predictors of EDS are unclear, and data on biological correlates of EDS in PD are limited. We investigated clinical, imaging and biological variables associated with longitudinal changes in sleepiness in early PD. METHODS The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is a prospective cohort stu...

Genes are involved in eating disorders (EDs) and self-induced vomiting (SV), a key symptom of different types of EDs. Perfectionism and impulsivity are potential risk factors for EDs. TPH2 (tryptophan hydroxylase 2) SNP rs1473473 was previously associated with anorexia nervosa and EDs characterized by SV. Could perfectionism or impulsivity be underlying the association between rs1473473 and EDs...

The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in general population was determined by means of 408 home interviews of adults, in a representative sample of Campo Grande city, Brazil. The random sample was stratified by sex, age and economic social status. EDS was considered in those with indexes 11 or more in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Statistics used chi-square, Fisher and Pearson te...

Suggested Reading: Jenkinson, D. S. and J. N. Ladd. 1981. Microbial biomass in soil: Measurement and turnover. p. 415-471. In E. A. Paul and J. N. Ladd (eds.), Soil Biochemistry, Volume 5. Marcel Dekker, New York. Tunlid, A and D. C. White. 1992. Biochemical analysis of biomass, community structure, nutritional status, and metabolic activity of microbial communities in soil. p. 229-262. In G. S...

INTRODUCTION Care by Design™ (CBD) (Canada), a model of coordinated team-based primary care, was implemented in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, to improve access to and continuity of primary care and to reduce high rates of transfers to emergency departments (EDs). METHODS This was an observational time series before and after the implementation of CBD (Cana...

OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to examine the prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia athletica (AA), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (ED-NOS) in both male and female Norwegian elite athletes and a representative sample from the general Norwegian population. DESIGN A 2-step study including self-reported questionnaire and clinical interview....

IMPORTANCE Previous assessments of readiness of emergency departments (EDs) have not been comprehensive and have shown relatively poor pediatric readiness, with a reported weighted pediatric readiness score (WPRS) of 55. OBJECTIVES To assess US EDs for pediatric readiness based on compliance with the 2009 guidelines for care of children in EDs; to evaluate the effect of physician/nurse pediat...