This report describes the bioconversion of 19-hydroxy-androsta-4, 7-diene-3, 17-dione into equilin with Nocardia rubra. Through mutation and improvement of medium and of conditions, the bioconversion could be improved to yield 40% equilin for a substrate concentration of 1 g/liter. Aromatization of several other 19-hydroxy and 19-nor substrates of the androstene series is reported, and the infl...

Thirteen postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were enrolled in an open randomized Phase I trial of a new p.o. active aromatase inhibitor, CGS 20267 (letrozole). The primary aim of the trial was to assess the impact of two doses of letrozole (0.5 and 2. 5 mg/day) on the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione to estrone. An in vivo isotopic technique was used to measure periphera...

Iodine-methanol mediated oxidative-aromatization of 2-aryl-6,8-dibromo-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones afforded the corresponding 2-aryl-6,8-dibromo-4-methoxy-quinolines in high yield and purity. The isomeric 1-(2-amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones reacted with iodine in methanol afford in a single pot operation the corresponding 2-aryl-6,8-dibromo-4-methoxyquinoline (major) and 2-...

This paper addresses the techno-economic analysis of the propane aromatization process, by adopting a novel kinetics-to-process approach. The recent interest in this technological route derives from the development of new third generation biorefinery concepts, in which, algal oil is subjected to catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processes for the production of (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) HRJ fuels....

Aromatization of androgens in the central nervous system is linked with sexual differentiation of the brain and, thus, determines the nature of sexual behavior and the control of gonadotropin secretion. The process of aromatization, as determined in the human placenta, proceeds through two successive hydroxylations at C-19, the products of which are then virtually completely converted via a thi...

Indolizine is an important heterocyclic compound with several interesting properties that make it suitable for numerous applications in many fields, such as biology, medicine and materials. However, the synthesis of 3-alkyl indolizines from bulky primary halogenated alkanes has not yet been reported. Herein, a transition-metal-free synthetic route to 3-aryl and 3-alkyl indolizines from electron...