ELITE ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE is dependent on a systemized training program. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was the original model from which periodization was designed (67). The GAS describes the physiological response of an organism to stress. A more comprehensive model of the physiological responses to training stimuli is the fitness-fatigue theory (1). In light of recent research examin...

Endurance sports are booming, with sports passionates of varying skills and expertise battering city streets and back roads on their weekly or daily exercise rounds. The investments required for performing in endurance exercise are nevertheless considerable, and passion for their sport might explain the efforts endurance athletes are willing to make. Passion may be defined as a strong motivatio...

Physical inactivity leads to increased incidence of a variety of diseases and it can be regarded as one of the end points of the exercise-associated hormesis curve. On the other hand, regular exercise, with moderate intensity and duration, has a wide range of beneficial effects on the body including the fact that it improves cardio-vascular function, partly by a nitric oxide-mediated adaptation...

Sport and Exercise Psychology (SEP) often adopts physiological markers in theory practice, one measure receiving increasing attention is heart rate variability (HRV). This paper aimed to provide a scoping review of the use HRV within SEP. The protocol was made available on Open Science Framework. Study inclusion criteria were examination SEP, using athletes or healthy populations, peer-reviewed...

The cessation of menstrual function in the female athlete may reflect her inability to adapt to the environmental and lifestyle stressors associated with training and competition. As society's emphasis on thinness, dieting, and exercise continues to increase, so will the incidence of menstrual dysfunction in active females. Unfortunately, some individuals view athletic menstrual dysfunction as ...

The need for superior performance in dance has impelled teachers and choreographers to use increasingly effective and sophisticated methods of preparation. To that end, such modalities ofbiomechanics as advanced motion-capture, muscle-function and muscle-strength techniques are being used to provide useful information about which of the dancers' needs require special attention. This often invol...

One of the main drawbacks of Machine Learning systems is the negative effect caused by overtraining. If the points in the dataset are perfectly fitted, the generalization performance is usually bad. We propose to take profit of overtraining, together with Feature Selection, to improve the performance of a learning system. The main idea lies in the hypothesis that when the dataset is as fitted a...

This paper investigates the dynamics of batch learning of multilayer neural networks in the asymptotic case where the number of training data is much larger than the number of parameters. We consider regression problems assuming noisy output data. First, we present experimental results on the behavior in the steepest descent learning of multilayer per-ceptrons and three-layer linear neural netw...

This paper investigates the dynamics of batch learning of multilayer neural networks in the asymptotic case where the number of training data is much larger than the number of parameters. First, we present experimental results on the behavior in the steepest descent learning of multilayer perceptrons and three-layer linear neural networks. We see in these results that strong overtraining, which...