The application of feed forward back propagation artificial neural networks with one hidden layer (ANN) to perform the equivalent of multiple linear regression (MLR) has been examined using artificial structured data sets and real literature data. The predictive ability of the networks has been estimated using a training/ test set protocol. The results have shown advantages of ANN over MLR anal...

In this paper, the impact on fuzzy ARTMAP performance of decisions taken for batch supervised learning is assessed through computer simulation. By learning different realworld and synthetic data, using different learning strategies, training set sizes, and hyperparameter values, the generalization error and resources requirements of this neural network are compared. In particular, the degradati...

To obtain optimal training effects and avoid overtraining, it is necessary to monitor the intensity of training. In cycling, speed is not an accurate indicator of exercise intensity, and therefore alternatives have to be found to monitor exercise intensity during training and competition. Power output may be the most direct indicator, but heart rate is easier to monitor and measure. There are, ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the response of the somatotrope axis (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3)) to intense exercise in relation to tiredness. METHODS The study involved 11 rugby players who completed a questionnaire intended to evaluate fitness or, conversely, overtraining and who agreed to plasma samples being taken before and afte...

Severe endurance training (overtraining) may cause underperformance related to muscle oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte alterations. Currently, such relationship has not been empirically established. In this study, Wistar rats (n = 19) underwent eight weeks of daily exercise sessions followed by three overtraining weeks in which the daily frequency of exercise sessions increased. After the 11t...

PURPOSE Overtraining is primarily related to sustained high load training, often coupled with other stressors. Studies in animal models have suggested that unremittingly heavy training (monotonous training) may increase the likelihood of developing overtraining syndrome. The purpose of this study was to extend our preliminary observations by relating the incidence of illnesses and minor injurie...

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxidative stress and overtraining syndrome. Indicators of oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant status (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) were measured in severely overtrained (two women, five men) and control athletes (five women, five men). Samples were collecte...