Since at least 1930, theorists working in moral philosophy and normativity more generally have recognized the importance of accounting for trade-offs in normative theories of what we ought to do.1 The most common way to do this is to appeal to contributory or pro tanto reasons. The thought is that the reasons for and against the options open to the agent interact and compete—in highly complex w...

In recent years it has been argued that when XML encodings become complex, DOM trees are no longer adequate for query processing. Alternative representations of XML documents, such as multi-colored trees [7] have been proposed as a replacement for DOM trees for complex markup. In this paper we consider the use of Generalized Ordered-Descendant Directed Acyclic Graphs (GODDAGs) for the purpose o...