This paper presents a novel modeling interface and method that uses two-dimensional (2D) data. In general, 2D computer graphics are most commonly used to depict 2D structures. However, many computer games often depict three-dimensional (3D) structures using 2D computer graphics. We define such an expression as an overhead view. Although an overhead view has no 3D structure, we can perceive an a...

In recent years, motorization has accelerated the expansion of urban sprawl and the decline of central city areas in many cities in Japan. In order to reverse this trend, the Government of Japan enacted the Downtown Revitalization Act in June 2007. To revitalize the city centers, it is very important to increase the attractiveness of urban space as a whole, rather than only introducing attracti...

visitor management is considered important for the sustainable development of protected areas as the presence of visitors may cause negative impacts on wildlife and vegetation. within this framework, visitor impacts and perceptions are considered critical for decision-making and planning of future management regimes. this paper resumes opinions of visitors of the valley of butterflies in rhode...

this is a year field study to evaluate the recreational needs of visitors bamu national park. bamu national park has the potential ecotourism capabilities to attract ecotourist which should be utilizing of this ability in regional planning. in this study clawson method used that one of the most common methods of evaluation systems resorts in aware of the people comments. about 225 questionnaire...

Based on recent work, I will give a nontechnical brief review of a powerful quantitative concept in biology, adaptive landscape, initially proposed by S. Wright over 70 years ago, reintroduced by one of the founders of molecular biology and by others in different biological contexts, but apparently forgotten by modern biologists for many years. Nevertheless, this concept finds an increasingly i...