the relationship between topography, land use, and topsoil moisture storage is investigated for a small catchment with undulating deep loess hilslopes in the south of the netherlands. for a period of 10 months, soil moisture profiles have been measured weekly at 15 locations throughout the catchment. a generalized additive model was employed to find relationships between the various factors inf...

Diffraction places a fundamental limitation on the distance an optical beam propagates before its size increases and spatial details blur. We show here that imposing a judicious correlation between spatial and spectral degrees of freedom of a pulsed beam can render its transverse spatial profile independent of location along the propagation axis, thereby arresting the spread of the time-average...

in order to provide climatology atlas of frosts statistical properties of iran and to attain spatial and temporal pattern of it, daily data of minimum temperature of 62 synoptic weather stations for a 15 year-period (1991-2007) from october to may, were adopted from iran meteorological organization. by choosing may 1st as basis day, five statistical properties and their spatial and temporal dis...

limitation of water resources in the earth has turned it as a valuable economic commodity. accordingly, the agricultural sector of which according to studies has the largest wasted water should be managed. therefore, it is advisable to use the application of methods and programming models such as the decision support system along with the abilities of gis in order to management of the water res...

drought monitoring, which is a crucial component of drought management, aims to provide information that enables and supports people and organizations to take actions to reduce potential drought-related impact and damage. we usually tend to focus on drought when it is occurring and to react when crises strike. however, recent experiences and developments on drought knowledge are encouraging soc...

Fluorescence microscopy is one of the most used imaging modalities in molecular biology and living specimens. To increase image contrast spatial resolution, different type fluorescence has been developed. This review introduces three main types microscopy: wild-field microscopy, confocal total internal reflection microscopy. The basic principles are similar but with modifications, which also in...

Multi-Bit Optical Communication with Vectorial Light In article number 2200844, Keshaan Singh, Andrew Forbes, and colleagues outline a new optical communication protocol that exploits spatial patterns of light for multi-dimensional encoding in manner does not require the to be recognised, thus overcoming prior limitation modal distortion noisy channels. The result is state-of-the-art over 50 ve...