An experimental study has been carried out of the two phase counter-current gas-liquid flow in a packed bed column operated in the proximity of the flooding point under periodic variations of inlet velocity of gas or liquid. Additional experiments have been focused on evaluating axial dispersion characteristics in the proximity of the flooding line in both liquid and gas phase using inert trace...

Accurate prediction of liquid holdup associated with multiphase flow is a critical element in the design and operation of modern production systems. This prediction is made difficult by the complexity of the distribution of the phases and the wide range of fluid properties encountered in production operations. Consequently, the performance of existing correlations is often inadequate in terms o...

Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are alternatives to increase production in mature reservoirs. However, the presence of EOR chemicals produced water may impact separation gas-water systems platforms. The present work aims evaluate polymers, surfactants, inorganic salts, and their interactions on gas holdup a 32.1-cm-diameter semi-batch bubble column over range superficial velocities...

This article develops the point that incentive and risk-bearing problems associated with contractual holdup may justify legal intervention. Contractual holdup is considered both for fresh contracts and for modifications of contracts. One type of legal intervention is flat voiding of contracts. Such intervention tends to be advantageous when holdup situations are engineered. Another type of inte...