The acoustics of residential balcony spaces in the presence of road traffic noise has been investigated by several authors over a period of several decades. However it would appear there remains an absence of a simple and yet reliable method to predict the acoustics of balcony spaces. There are two primary elements requiring consideration. The first element is to predict road traffic noise leve...

Mosquitoes and birds were sampled for West Nile virus (WNV) in suburban Chicago, USA, in a "hot spot" of arboviral transmission. Viral genetic diversity within this area was similar to that within Illinois and the United States. Diversity was higher among viruses from mosquitoes than from birds, higher among viruses from birds in urban "green spaces" than from birds in residential areas, but lo...

Blue spaces (water bodies) may promote positive mental and physical health through opportunities for relaxation, recreation, and social connections. However, we know little about the nature and extent of everyday exposure to blue spaces, particularly in settings outside the home or among children, nor whether exposure varies by individual or household characteristics. Wearable cameras offer a n...

Racial residential segregation patterns in the eight largest Ohio cities are examined from 1950-1980 to determine if certain gains which blacks recently have made in other areas of life have been translated into improved residential integration. Data were collected from the 1950, I960, 1970, and 1980 United States Censuses of Population and Housing at the census tract level. The index of dissim...

Children’s access to outdoor activities is restricted due the continuous spread of urbanisation in public spaces. Therefore, figuring out how improve physical space within existing environment becoming increasingly important. This study conducted a systematic review 55 studies using PRISMA method examine link between settings neighbourhoods and children’s play. Through Scopus databases provide ...

In this paper, I explore do-it-yourself approaches in installation art and building projects. Although DIY products and systems were developed to help non-professionals, they can also enable professionals to experiment with different methods of creating buildings and spaces. DIY approaches allow people to change spaces while they occupy them, because do not require specialized construction tool...

Informal and Formal Care in Europe Government expenditure on formal residential care and home-help services for the elderly significantly reduces 45-59 year old women’s informal care-giving affecting both the extensive and the intensive margin. Allowing for country fixed-effects and country-specific trends and correcting for attrition, the estimates – based on the European Community Household P...

This study investigated and compared patient migration patterns of persons with spinal cord injury, the general population and persons with morbid obesity, rheumatic conditions and bowel disease, for secondary health conditions, across administrative boundaries in Switzerland. The effects of patient characteristics and health conditions on visiting hospitals outside the residential canton were ...

Whereas natural ventilation design in hot climates is intended to mitigate discomfort effect of thermal transmission into building interiors, the uncertainty of the aggregate effect of the strategy on interior air temperature in hot dry climates has been expressed. This study investigated how air temperature in rooms of a residential building in a hot dry climate is affected by some natural ven...

organization of living environment is possible through a clear definition of private and public arenas and determinationof a spatial hierarchy. such defined arenas increase the sense of belonging to the environment which personalizesresidential environments. enclosure is among the quantities that play a significant role in defining the spaces. in fact,enclosure is the factor that defines a spac...