Alcohol consumption may be influenced by the local alcohol retailing environment. This study is the first to examine neighbourhood alcohol outlet availability (on- and off-sales outlets) and alcohol-related health outcomes in Scotland. Alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with higher outlet densities, and off-sales outlets were more important t...

In the mobile ad-hoc network, there can exist two categories of terminals, the battery-powered and the outlet-plugged terminals. In this paper, a new scheme for the power-saving of battery-powered terminals in mobile ad-hoc networks is proposed. Based on this scheme, the battery-powered terminals page the tra c with minimum power to the nearest outlet-plugged terminal, and only the outlet-plugg...

We simultaneously measure the flow rate and the normal force on the base, near the outlet, during the discharge through an orifice of a dense packing of monosized disks driven by a conveyor belt. We find that the normal force on the base decreases even when a constant flow rate is measured. In addition, we show, by changing the mass of the disks, that pressure can be changed while the flow rate...

The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) is a new kind of vaporizer for liquefied natural gas (LNG). A thermal model was established based on the energy balance among the three typical parts of IFV, namely, evaporator, condenser and thermolator, whose mutual coupling and constraints were fully considered. Calculation codes were developed to solve the energy balance equations, in which the formula...

A dual-pressure boundary condition has been developed for computational modelling of bifurcating conduits. The condition involves the imposition of a constant pressure on one branch while adjusting iteratively the pressure on the other branch until the desired flow division is obtained. The dual-pressure condition eliminates the need for specifying fully-developed flow conditions, which thereby...

The analytical theory of one dimensional, dispersion free miscible displacement of oil by injection gas with nc component has shown that: the MMP is the lowest pressure at which any one of the initial oil, injection gas or crossover key tie lines becomes critical, which means that its length approaches to zero. In this paper, we propose a method for a solving multi component syst...

Rarefied gas flows through micro-channels are simulated using particle approaches, named as the information preservation (IP) method and the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In simulating the low speed flows in long micro-channels the DSMC method encounters the problem of large sample size demand and the difficulty of regulating boundary conditions at the inlet and outlet. Some impo...

We report measurements of the pressure profile in the outlet plane of a discharging silo. We observe that, whatever the preparation of the granular system, a dynamic Janssen effect is at play: the apparent mass of the grains (i.e., the part of their mass sustained by the base) is significantly smaller than their actual mass because of the redirection of the weight to the lateral wall of the con...

PURPOSE A urodynamic study was done to judge the capability of laser treatment to relieve bladder outlet obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Advanced urodynamic studies with pressure-flow analysis were performed before and 6 months after laser treatment using 3 different laser devices. RESULTS Forty patients showed significant improvement in all obstruction parameters (detrusor pressure at m...