Virus-laden droplets dispersion may induce transmissions of respiratory infectious diseases. Existing research mainly focuses on indoor droplet dispersion, but the mechanism its and exposure in outdoor environment is unclear. By conducting CFD simulations, this paper investigates evaporation transport solid-liquid an open environment. Droplet initial sizes (dp = 10 μm, 50 100 μm), background re...

OBJECTIVE This study explores how better outdoor environments may produce cost benefits for assisted living providers by raising occupancy levels through increased resident satisfaction and word-of-mouth referrals. BACKGROUND Older adults who spend even minimal time outdoors may reap substantial health benefits. However, many existing outdoor areas in assisted living facilities are reportedly...

Geographic information systems traditionally dealt with only outdoor spaces. In recent years, indoor spatial information systems have started to attract attention partly due to the increasing use of receptor devices (e.g., RFID readers or wireless sensor networks) in both outdoor and indoor spaces. Applications that employ these devices are expected to span uniformly and supply seamless functio...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a bi-directional relationship between sleep characteristics (time in bed, sleep duration, sleep chronology, and sleep efficiency) and time spent participating in outdoor active play among children. METHODS Participants consisted of 433 children aged 10-13 years from Kingston, ON, Canada. Time in bed, sleep duration, slee...

In order to meet ambitious emission reduction goals in California, greenhouse gas emissions from direct combustion of fossil fuels for residential space and water heating will need to be largely eliminated. If those emission reductions come from fuel switching (natural gas to electricity) then the electricity grid needs to be prepared for the additional load. This paper presents a new method fo...

OBJECTIVES Our study sought to examine associations between the content of outdoor advertising and neighborhood ethnic/racial and socioeconomic composition to see whether particular communities disproportionately host harmful content. METHODS We constructed a spatial database of photographs taken from June 2012 until December 2012 in 7 identically zoned communities in Los Angeles, California,...

A large body of evidence shows that interaction with greenery can be beneficial for human stress reduction, emotional states, and improved cognitive function. It can, therefore, be expected that university students might benefit from greenery in the university environment. Before investing in real-life interventions in a university environment, it is necessary to first explore students' percept...

Seamless navigation has attracted lots of attention and many methods have been reported in the literature or made available as commercial applications. The process can be interpreted a continuous movement 3D objects from one unoccupied indoor/outdoor space to another. From technical perspective, model is critical components that should perform successful navigation. A major approach build unifi...

one of the most effective techniques to mitigate multipath fading and inter-cell interference at a downlink wireless channel in wcdma systems for achieving high capacity is transmitter power control. in this case, system increases the power of the subscriber when its interference increases in order to satisfy the requested signal qualities. however, when the requested signal qualities are infea...