BACKGROUND The use of the equimolecular mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide is widely recommended for relief of pain in children undergoing minor procedures. Although the benefits and adverse effects of the clinical use of nitrous oxide seem well known, its effects on the autonomic nervous system have never been studied in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in autonomic car...

Special considerations for middle ear surgery include a bloodless surgical field, attention to patient head positioning, facial nerve monitoring, and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Middle ear surgery can be done under local or general anesthesia; each has advantages and disadvantages.

In this paper the concept and first evaluation of the control principle of the MicroAssistant is presented. The MicroAssistant is an interactive surgical robot system to support the surgeon in microsurgical interventions especially in middle ear surgery. During those interventions the surgeon is often confronted with very small and sensitive structures. This fact conflicts with the exhausting m...

Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) is a whitish mass lesion found in the middle ear cleft behind intact tympanic membrane early life. It relatively uncommon disease and shows its growth extension over period of time. CC evidenced with no prior history perforation, otorrhea, previous otologic procedures, normal pars tensa, flaccida. The etiopathogenesis still controversial; however, epithelial cell r...

BACKGROUND The Uganda Hearing Project is a non-profit program assisting with teaching of ear surgery in Uganda. The project started with cadaveric temporal bone courses in 2003 and 2005, including donation of operating microscopes and ear instruments. In 2006, three surgical groups started regular surgical teaching visits. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all cases of middle ear surger...

This report focuses on tuberculous otomastoiditis treated at a third level Italian paediatric hospital. We reviewed the clinical charts of 4077 children who underwent middle ear surgery at the Audiology and Otology Unit of the Institution's ENT Department from January 1995 to December 2011. A tubercular aetiology was identified in 2 cases: a 4-year old boy who presented with primary ear involve...

The masking-level difference (MLD) was measured in a group of adult listeners having unilateral otosclerosis before stapedectomy surgery, 1 month following surgery, and 1 year following surgery. The results indicated that the MLD in this group improved significantly over each of the sequential tests. In contrast, for a group of normal-hearing listeners, the MLD did not change significantly over...

Traditional surgery for cholesteatoma of the middle ear is performed by microscopic approaches. However, in recent years endoscopic instrumentation, techniques and knowledge have greatly improved, and in our opinion endoscopic surgical techniques will gain increasing importance in otologic surgery in the future. The aim of this study was to focus on outcomes obtained using endoscopic surgery fo...

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conclusions aki is common in urology patients. the underlying aetiologies of aki in this group may explain a lower overall mortality, although increasing aki severity remains a marker of patients at higher risk of poor outcomes. the low rate of renal recovery suggests that urology patients who sustain aki are exposed to a significant risk of ckd and its attendant consequences for long term heal...