Under the auspices of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan and the Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturer Association, a collaborative study of the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) was conducted by 42 Japanese laboratories and seven overseas laboratories to clarify the performance of the MLA for the detection of in vitro clastogens and spindle poisons. Twenty-one chemicals that were positive in ...

background: this paper describes the common hazards in the metal industry – chemicals and noise. the aim of the study was to get an overview of risk levels of mentioned occupational hazards and examine the implementation of adequate safety measures. methods: measurements of noise and chemicals were performed, self-reported exposure and usage of personal protective equipment from workers were us...

The chromosomal multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus of Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae controls resistance to multiple, structurally unrelated compounds including antibiotics, household disinfectants, organic solvents and other toxic chemicals. The Mar phenotype is induced following exposure to a variety of chemicals with aromatic rings.

We have utilized a validated (standardized) estrogen receptor (ER) competitive-binding assay to determine the ER affinity for a large, structurally diverse group of chemicals. Uteri from ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were the ER source for the competitive-binding assay. Initially, test chemicals were screened at high concentrations to determine whether a chemical competed with [3H]-estradi...

DNA arrays containing 260 unique genes involved in phase I and II metabolism, heat shock, DNA repair, inflammation, transcription, and housekeeping were used to examine gene expression patterns in liver and kidney in response to five classes of chemicals (polyaromatic hydrocarbons: benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene; DNA alkylators: dimethylnitrosamine, ethylnitrosourea; peroxisome proliferat...

Benzene is a human carcinogen that might act through both genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms to promote tumorigenesis. The genotoxic effects of benzene are well established, however, its potential nongenotoxic roles in carcinogenesis are poorly understood. We find that benzene suppresses somatic apoptosis in C. elegans; this suggests a potential nongenotoxic mechanism by which this chemical ...

ln 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits) and...

The European Commission (EC) White Paper on a Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy calls for the collection of adequate information about chemicals, in order to ensure their appropriate risk management. The White Paper proposes a stepwise and flexible approach to all chemicals produced in amounts above 1 tonne/year/manufacturer, including testing, if information cannot be provided by other me...

ln 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARe) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in sorne occupations and as a result of human habits) an...

Experimental Reagents and chemicals m-Phenylenediamine (mPDA >99%) was purchased from Acros Organics, ethylenediamine (EDA, Sigma Ultra) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. ortho-Phosphoric acid (85%, ACS certified) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade. Buffer solutions with different pH were prepared using chemicals (such as sulphuric acid, citric...