Laser vibrometry was used to measure the vibration velocity at different points on the ossicular apparatus of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana in response to free-field sound. The ascending process of the extrastapes, neglected in most accounts of frog middle ear mechanics, supports a rocking motion of the extrastapes and is critical to the normal function of the ossicular apparatus. The articulat...

cerebellopontine angle, the mastoid, the middle ear and the external auditory canal. Of these, the mastoid cavity is the least frequent site of origin. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of congenital cholesteatoma of mastoid origin with extension into the epitympanum and presentation of conductive hearing loss. Computed tomography (CT) displayed anatomic anomalies including ossicular ero...

Ossicular injury is a frequent complication of head trauma and temporal bone fractures. An isolated fracture of the malleus with lateral dislocation of the manubrium is extremely rare. High-resolution computed tomography is the method of choice for evaluation of ossicular trauma. Virtual endoscopy (VE) is a novel technique that provides a realistic surface rendering of various organs that can b...

Parent involvement (PI) in school is associated with more positive academic performance and social competence in children. However, there are inadequacies in current measures of PI and a need for a better understanding of predictors of PI. In this study, measures were obtained from a normative sample of 387 children in kindergarten and first grade from high-risk neighborhoods in 4 different sit...

Unilateral otosclerosis combined with avascular necrosis of stapes crura is a rare entity. it should be considered in a case of high grade otosclerosis. Symptoms are the same as in patients who suffer from common otosclerosis. Patients complain on progressive hearing loss and tinnitus. The diagnosis is made clinically by conventional audiologic evaluation and radiologically by x-ray mastoid Sch...

Introduction: Otosclerosis is a disease of bony labyrinth. Structural changes in the labyrinth often cause ossicular fixation, and thus conductive hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate middle ear exploration findings and frequency of ossicular and footplate area anomalies in patients with suspected otosclerosis referred to Amiralmomenin and Golsar Hospitals in Rasht, Iran.   M...