Conductivity is a non-linear function of electrolyte concentration in solutions and could be used as an indirect method. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of urine conductivity measurement, which is a simple, cheap and not time consuming method, in the evaluation of renal functions. Seventy-two patients whose primary diseases were not taken into consideration were enrolled ...

Acute increases in osmolality suppress renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). However, it is not known whether prolonged physiological increases in plasma osmolality chronically inhibit RSNA. To address this hypothesis, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and RSNA were measured during acute normalization of plasma osmolality in conscious rats made hyperosmotic by 48 h of wate...

AIMS To identify the relationship between nocturnal AVP deficiency, nocturnal polyuria (NP), and low urinary osmolality in children suffering of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NE). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 50 children (28 males and 22 females) with primary monosymptomatic NE and 30 non enuretic children of the same age group (controls). Night samples of blood and u...

INTRODUCTION Brain oedema is a major complication after craniotomy. Hyperosmolar agents have been used as the medical treatment for this condition. Measurement and estimation of serum osmolality during hyperosmolar agent infusion is of clinical importance to evaluate clinical efficacy, adjust dosage and avoid side effects. However, several studies have shown that calculated serum osmolality may...

Concentration of Osmotically active solutes plays a key role in an acceptance of parenteral infusions by patients. It is generally recommended that labels of infusions should list osmolarity (osmol/l). However, osmometer can only read osmolality (osmol/kg). The conversion of the experimental readings to the declared osmotic concentration wants to study the relationship between osmolality and os...

Antidiuretic hormone leads to an increase in the permeability for water and urea in the inner medullary collecting duct. Hence, urea may not be an "effective" osmole in the inner medulla during maximal renal water conservation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the rate of urea excretion would influence maximum renal water conservation in humans. In w...

Na+/H+ exchanger isoform and the effect of high osmolality on its function was studied in cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1 and OK). Using NHE-3-specific antibody, immunoblots of luminal membranes from LLC-PK1 and OK cells specifically labeled proteins with molecular masses 90 and 95 kDa, indicating that NHE-3 is the isoform expressed on the luminal membranes of these epithelia. Proximal...

Scrogin, Karie E., Eugene T. Grygielko, and Virginia L. Brooks. Osmolality: a physiological long-term regulator of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R1579–R1586, 1999.—Acute infusion of hypertonic fluid increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) in part by elevating nonrenal sympathetic activity. However, it is n...

In large-type goats that were fed on dry forage twice daily, dry forage intake was markedly suppressed after 40 min of feeding had elapsed. The objective of this study was to clarify whether or not increases in plasma osmolality and subsequent thirst sensations produced by dry forage feeding suppress dry forage intake. Eight large-type male esophagealand ruminal-fistulated goats (crossbred Japa...