In this paper we address the issue of positive scalar curvature on oriented nonspin compact manifolds whose universal cover is also nonspin. We provide a conjecture for an obstruction to such curvature in this venue that takes into account all the data known to date. The conjecture is proved for a wide class of closed manifolds based on their fundamental group structure.

If G is the group of an oriented knot k, then the set Hom(K,Σ) of representations of the commutator subgroup K = [G,G] into any finite group Σ has the structure of a shift of finite type ΦΣ, a special type of dynamical system completely described by a finite directed graph. Invariants of ΦΣ, such as its topological entropy or the number of its periodic points of a given period, determine invari...

We propose 10 different open problems in the field of grammatical inference. In all cases, problems are theoretically oriented but correspond to practical questions. They cover the areas of polynomial learning models, learning from ordered alphabets, learning deterministic Pomdps, learning negotiation processes, learning from context-free background knowledge.

We propose a very usual software engineering approach to the development of hyperlink structures which form the basis for navigation in hyperdocuments. Our approach uses standard UML, algebraic specification and object-oriented implementation to cover the construction of hyperlink structures, from design through to specification and realization.

Object-oriented programs involve many unique features that are not present in their conventional counterparts. Examples are message passing, synchronization, dynamic binding, object instantiation, persistence, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Integration testing for such programs is, therefore, more difficult than that for conventional programs. In this paper, we present an overvie...

In this study, land cover types in Zonguldak test area were analysed on the basis of the classification results acquired using the pixelbased and object-oriented image analysis approaches. Landsat-7 ETM with 6 spectral bands was used to carry out the image classification and ground truth data were collected from the available maps, aerial photographs, personal knowledge and communication with t...

The urban environment is characterized by an intense use of the available space, where the preservation of open green spaces is of special ecological importance. Because of dynamic urban development and high mapping costs, municipal authorities are interested in effective methods for mapping urban surface cover types that can be used for evaluating ecological conditions in urban structures and ...

Land cover mapping provides basic information for advanced science such as ecological management, biodiversity conservation, forest planning and so on. In remote sensing research, the process of creating an accurate land cover map is an important subject. Recently, there has been growing research interest in the object-oriented image classification techniques. The object-oriented image classifi...

Shadows in high resolution imagery create significant problems for urban land cover classification and environmental application. We first investigated whether shadows were intrinsically different and hypothetically possible to separate from each other with ground spectral measurements. Both pixel-based and object-oriented methods were used to evaluate the effects of shadow detection on QuickBi...

Abbreviating paths with iterated wild cards is an abstraction mechanism common to Adaptive Programming (AP), eXtensible Markup Language (XML) document processing, and Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP). Recognition of abbreviated paths is used to for navigation in both AP and XML, and to decide upon advice execution in AOP. Finite state automata have been used for efficient recognition of abbrev...