Organochlorine pesticides are used in some countries for malaria control and organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Previous literature documents children's exposure to these chemicals both in utero and during development. Animal studies suggest that many of these chemicals are neurodevelopmental toxicants even in moderate doses, but there are few studies in hum...

A fiber-optic microbial biosensor suitable for direct measurement of organophosphate nerve agents was developed. The unique features of this novel microbial biosensor were the recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase on the cell surface and the optical detection of the products of enzyme-catalyzed organophosphate hydrolysis. The use of cells with the m...

The current study documents the fate of current-use pesticides in an agriculturally-dominated central California coastal estuary by focusing on the occurrence in water, sediment and tissue of resident aquatic organisms. Three fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin), one herbicide (propyzamide) and two organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were detected frequen...

Pesticides are routinely screened in studies that follow specific guidelines for possible neuropathogenicity in laboratory animals. These tests will detect chemicals that are by themselves strong inducers of neuropathogenesis if the tested strain is susceptible relative to the time of administration and methodology of assessment. Organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is the only kn...

A 1993 report by the National Academy of Sciences suggested that pesticide safety thresholds should be lower for children than for adults-up to 10 times lower-due to children's generally higher vulnerability to the effects of certain compounds. In a controversial response to this report, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determined that, as part of its implementation of the Food Qu...

This paper reports a first microbial biosensor for rapid and cost-effective determination of organophosphorus pesticides fenitrothion and EPN. The biosensor consisted of recombinant PNP-degrading/oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas putida JS444 anchoring and displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on its cell surface as biological sensing element and a dissolved oxygen electrode as the transduce...

Off-site movement of pesticides into groundwater or surface water has been detected. The movement of organophosphate insecticides into surface water, and the movement of winter-dormant herbicide sprays into groundwater are the primary concerns for alfalfa. A number of measures are suggested that may be useful to help mitigate these problems, but must be integrated with specific limitations and ...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxicity of organophosphate pesticides acephate and profenofos by material of a mosquito Culex purpose, second instar larvae were treated with LC nucleotide sequence variations in the partial control and treated individuals were studied. From the sequence alignment data of control and treated individuals, induced mutations in the form of dele...