herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) is a neurotropic pathogen of humans that establishes latent infection in the sensory ganglia innervating the site of primary infection. a number of genes control hsv-1 pathogenicity and latency. open reading frame p (orf p) is one of these genes that might have a role in latency and pathogenesis. a complication in the analysis of the role of orf p in the hsv-...

The attenuated Oka vaccine (V-Oka) strain of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) effectively reduces disease produced by primary infection and virus reactivation. V-Oka was developed by propagation of the Oka parental (P-Oka) strain of VZV in guinea pig and human embryo fibroblasts. Complete DNA sequencing of both viruses has revealed 63 sites that differ between P-Oka and V-Oka, 37 of which are locat...

The Borna disease virus antigenome includes five major open reading frames (ORFs) which encode, from 5' to 3', the putative nucleoprotein (N), the phosphoprotein (P), the putative matrix protein (M), the major glycoprotein (G), and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (pol). Whereas the N and P ORFs are translated from monocistronic transcripts, the M, G, and pol ORFs are translated from polycistro...

According to interpretations of results from the latest oral reading fluency (ORF) study conducted by National Assessment Educational Progress (White et al., 2020), fourth-grade students who score below basic standard require interventions that focus on word recognition, phonological decoding, and fluency. Before such mandates for at middle grades beyond are enacted, available information ORF a...

A full-length cDNA of the genome of Beet black scorch virus (BBSV), isolate Ningxia, was constructed and modified by site-directed mutagenesis to permit in vitro transcription of mutant viral RNAs. Two subgenomic (sg) RNAs (sgRNA1 and sgRNA2) appeared during BBSV replication. Mutagenesis revealed that sgRNA1 transcription was initiated at G2209 within the P82 polymerase subunit open reading fra...

INTRODUCTION Orf and milker's nodule are zoonotic cutaneous diseases generated by parapoxviruses. Contribution of dermoscopy to the diagnosis of these diseases has not been studied in the medical literature as to our knowledge. AIM To investigate whether dermoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in orf and milker's nodule diagnosis or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, macroscopic and ...

The mechanism of the divergent expression of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ORF 28 and ORF 29 genes from a common intergenic DNA element, the ORF 28/29 promoter, is of interest based on the observation that both genes are expressed during VZV lytic infection but only the ORF 29 gene is expressed in latently infected neurons. In the work presented here, expression driven by the ORF 28/29 inter...

Herpesvirus saimiri ORF 50a protein expression is sufficient to reactivate the entire lytic-replication cycle. ORF 50a functions as a sequence-specific transactivator that is capable of activating delayed-early gene expression via direct binding to an ORF 50 response element (RE) within the respective promoter. Here, it is shown that ORF 50a is capable of transactivating its own promoter. Delet...