Introduction Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at increased risk of developing exposure keratopathy (EK) due to intubation, sedation, paralysis and metabolic disturbance. The factors lead to reduced venous return from the eyes, impairment of the blink reflex, loss of the tone of the orbicularis oculi muscles and dysfunction of the corneal healing. EK can lead to shortand long-term visual i...

PURPOSE The anatomy of individual myofibers within the orbicularis oculi muscle was examined to determine individual myofiber lengths in the different regions of the muscle. A wide variety of eyelid conditions require eyelid surgery or drug injections directly into the eyelid. Knowledge of regional myofiber anatomy and physiology is important for accurate treatment of these conditions. METHOD...

Nerve excitability is useful for prognosis in Bell's palsy. Minimal excitability values (MEV) were obtained by stimulating the facial nerve and recording the effective current (mA) required to evoke a minimal visible contraction of frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, and mentalis muscles respectively. Serial MEVs were performed on 100 patients with facial palsy, of whom 87 were foll...

A 61-year-old woman developed acute dyslalia, dysphonia, dysphagia, and facial rhythmic jerks 8 hours after the intake of 2 tablets of metoclopramide 10 mg, prescribed for nausea during respiratory infection. Examination revealed dysphonia, dyslalia, dysphagia, and myoclonus in the orbicularis oculi (video 1 on the Neurology® Web site at Neurology.org), orbicularis oris, and palatopharyngeal (v...

OBJECTIVES To assess the safety of blepharoplasty in patients with preoperative dry eyes and to report our surgical technique. SETTING Private practice with academic affiliation. DESIGN Retrospective medical chart review of 67 patients with preoperative dry eyes who underwent blepharoplasty. The technique was modified by preserving the orbicularis oculi muscle and its innervation during upp...