Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a group of membrane transport proteins that facilitate the influx of endogenous and exogenous substances across biological membranes. OATPs are found in enterocytes and hepatocytes and in brain, kidney, and other tissues. In enterocytes, OATPs facilitate the gastrointestinal absorption of certain orally administered drugs. Fruit juices such as...

At maturity, the fruit of two early maturing orange cultivars, Hamlin and Pineapple (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck), contained more ethylene and abscisic acid than the late maturing Valencia and Lamb Summer (C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck) cultivars. Ethylene (up to 95 nl/l in internal atmosphere) and abscisic (50 mug/kg dry weight flavedo) increased most rapidly in Pineapple, leading to increased cellu...

introduction: the spatial variability of soil properties and its importance in production is a matter-of-debate. insight about the variability of soil properties as well as the yield of orchards is necessary to achieve higher productivity and better management. orange is one of the most important export products in our country and to sustainable production of this product, it is necessary to id...

Fruit juices each have very distinct organic acids profiles that can be used as fingerprints for establishing authenticity. A method has been developed, optimised and validated for measuring by capillary electrophoresis citric, isocitric, malic and tartaric acids as authenticity markers in orange juices, without any sample treatment other than dilution and filtration. Final conditions were phos...

the effect of shoot pruning (2, 3 and 4 branches per plant) and fruit position selection (on main branch vs on main and lateral branches) on yield and qualitative characteristics of two greenhouse grown pepper (capsicum annuum l.) cultivars (torkal and paramo) was studied through a factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized block design, of three replications. results indicated th...

a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Abstract Each year, the world's top orange producers output millions of oranges for human consumption. This production is projected to grow by as much as 64 million in 2010 and so the demand for fast, low-cost and precise a...

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterium, causes several economically important diseases in North, Central, and South America. These diseases are transmitted by sharpshooter insects, contaminated budwood, and natural root-grafts. X. fastidiosa extensively colonizes the xylem vessels of susceptible plants. Citrus fruit have a well-developed vascular system, which is continuous with...

Granulation (also called crystallization or section drying) is a physiological disorder in citrus that results in reduced extractable juice and sometimes vesicle shriveling. While segments appear dry, the disorder is not caused by drying, but by gel formation within the vesicles. Though many citrus varieties may develop granulation (i.e., ‘Valencia’ orange, tangerines, and grapefruit), it was a...

Methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate, most commonly known as carbendazim, is a widely used broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide and a decomposition product of benomyl. Carbendazim is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruit, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, pineapples, and pome fruits. Although not permitted for use to treat citrus fruit in the USA and Australia, it is permitte...

One of the most important diseases that affect sweet orange orchards in Brazil is the Citrus Black Spot that is caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa. This disease causes irreparable losses due to the premature falling of fruit, as well as its severe effects on the epidermis of ripe fruit that renders them unacceptable at the fresh fruit markets. Despite the fact that the fungus and the di...