various methods have been used to economically design wastewater and stormwater collection systems. in this article, discrete differential dynamic programming (dddp) which is a subsection of dynamic programming (dp) was used. for each pipe network, various alternatives such as depth and slope of pipe laying and various diameters could be considered to satisfy hydraulic and engineering constrain...

Abstract Concrete mix design is the methodology for mixing binder, aggregate and water to achieve required physical, mechanical, thermal properties. In particular, physical properties depend on volume fraction of each element in concrete recipe. this study we considered cement mortar, complying with ASTM C105, as reference binder silica sand aggregate. The mortar was denser high conductivity co...