Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational protein modification in which ADP-ribose (ADP-Rib) units derived from NAD(+) are attached to proteins by poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase (PARP) enzymes. ADP-Rib groups are removed from these polymer chains by the enzyme poly(ADP-Rib) glycohydrolase (PARG). In animals, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is associated with DNA damage responses and programmed cell death....

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the conserved multifunctional transcription factor CTCF was previously identified as important to maintain CTCF insulator and chromatin barrier functions. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation and also the necessity of this modification for other CTCF functions remain unknown. In this study, we identified potential sites of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation within t...

This paper relies on the new Keynesian model with in‡ation persistence to characterize the optimal monetary and …scal policy in a liquidity trap. It shows that, with a Phillips curve that is both forward and backward looking, the monetary policy that is implemented during a liquidity trap episode can lift the economy out of depression. The central bank does not need to commit beyond the end of ...

We document the presence of sizable distributional e¤ects from unexpected price level movements in the Euro Area (EA) using sectoral accounts and newly available data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. The EA as a whole is a net winner of unexpected price level increases, with Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain being the biggest bene…ciaries, and Belgium and Malta being the large...

La loi de bioéthique a été révisée en 2021 pour tenir compte des avancées sociétales et médicales, notamment matière d’aide médicale à la procréation (AMP). Un objectifs était limiter les recours l’AMP qui se font dehors du cadre légal médical français. Comparativement d’autres pays européens,...

Within an expansion in slow-roll in ation parameters, we derive secondorder expressions relating the ratio of tensor to scalar density perturbations and the spectral index of the scalar spectrum. We nd that \corrections" to previously derived formulae can dominate if the tensor to scalar ratio is small. For instance, if V V 00=(V ) 6= 1 or if mP l=(4 ) jV 000=V j > 1, where V ( ) is the in aton...

The paper examines the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in an open economy with and without a binding zero bound on nominal interest rates. In particular, a foolproof way of escaping from a liquidity trap is suggested, consisting of a price-level target path, a devaluation of the currency and a temporary exchange rate peg, which is later abandoned in favor of price-level or in‡ation ta...

A new method to assay protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation was proposed based on the interaction between the substrate of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and gold nanoparticles, which needed no coupled enzymes or other modified catalytic substrate.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational protein modification, which is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and plays a role in DNA repair and maintenance of genomic stability. A decrease in cellular poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation has been implicated in the aging process. As PARP-1 is a zinc finger protein its decreased function might be related to age-related zinc deficiency. To t...