Panax notoginseng saponins are often used to treat a frequently of inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanisms their effects on human osteoarthritis limited. An model was established by interleukin-1 beta treatment chondrocytes for experiments. During experiment, cell activity detected 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. The enzymelinked immunosorbent ...

The Toll signaling pathway has a highly conserved function in innate immunity and is regulated by multiple factors that fine tune its activity. One such factor is b-arrestin Kurtz (Krz), which we previously implicated in the inhibition of developmental Toll signaling in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Another level of controlling Toll activity and immune system homeostasis is by protein sum...

During the early years of industrial development, the production facilities were established near the consumers because the transportation was expensive, time-consuming, and risky. When transportation systems appeared, they allowed the producer to compete in distant markets, promoting economies of scale by increasing sales volume. Due to the complexity of products and globalization, supply and ...

Given a suitably parametrized family of equilibrium models and a higher level criterion by which to measure an equilibrium state, mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs) provide a framework for improving or optimizing the equilibrium state. An example is toll design in traffic networks, which attempts to reduce total travel time by choosing which arcs to toll and what toll le...

ITE JOURNAL / FEBRUARY 2002 TOLL FACILITIES CANNOT BE CLASsified under the same pretenses as normal freeway segments or signalized intersections because of the unique characteristics associated with toll plazas being integrated within the system. Therefore, it is difficult to examine the operational conditions and accurately report the benefits of toll facilities to the public in terms they can...

Toll like receptors (TLRs) with a myeloid differentiation antigen (CD14) recognize and bind various structures from invading microbes and then trigger cell activation. They initiate a variety of effectors' functions, including cytokine secretion, proliferation, co-stimulation or phagocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to evaluate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expression in childr...

This paper proposes a new road toll design model for congested road networks with uncertain demand that can be used to create a sustainable urban transportation system. For policy assessment and strategic planning purposes, the proposed model extends traditional congestion pricing models to simultaneously consider congestion and environmental externalities due to vehicular use. Based on analyse...

Tolls are used to influence users to "voluntarily" choose paths in the system which optimize flows (VSO) to minimize social costs. When the toll solutions are not unique, administrators gain the flexibility to vary tolls in order to meet other goals while still maintaining optimal flows. For Fixed-Demand networks, it was known that path-tolls can be adjusted. However, the link-toll solution was...