Use of the terms cognition and behavior and their variants can be traced back to the middle-ages. What is not widely known is how the terms were first used in the literature. This article identifies variations of terms for cognition and behavior and traces the first use of the terms using the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). A systematic search of the OED was conducted, identifying terms in the...

Background Patients treated with radiotherapy are at risk of developing a second cancer during their lifetime, which can directly impact treatment decision-making and patient management. The aim of this study was to qualify and compare the secondary cancer risk (SCR) after intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) ...

The province of Modena is one of the most industrialized areas of Northern Italy. The medical records of the Ophthalmological Emergency Department (OED) of Modena University Hospital were studied: there were 13,470 OED accesses in 2014 and in 754 cases that an occupational eye injury occurred. The frequency of work-related eye injuries (3‰) was lower compared to other published studies, but the...

BACKGROUND Silencing of P16 through methylation and locus deletion is the most frequent early events in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to prospectively determine if early P16 methylation is a predictor for oral cancer development. METHODS Patients (n = 181) with mild or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) were recruited into the double blind multicentre cohort. P16 methylation ...

this paper presents a probabilistic optimal power flow (popf) algorithm considering different uncertainties in a smart grid. different uncertainties such as variation of nodal load, change in system configuration, measuring errors, forecasting errors, and etc. can be considered in the proposed algorithm. by increasing the penetration of the renewable energies in power systems, it is more essent...

One of the fundamental tasks of practical medicine has always been to identify the signs of health and disease. In this paper, I contrast the Oxford English Dictionary (henceforth OED) entries of four of the most common medical signifier terms (token, sign, symptom, and accident) in English vernacular medical texts from the end of the 14th century to the beginning of the 18th with their occurre...

In working on the New OED project, we, like many other researchers, have wrestled with large, intricate bodies of text. Based on this exposure, we have begun to investigate the similarities and differences between managing conventional business data and managing reference text data. The paper begins with the claim that text can support complex models of the real world that cannot be captured mo...

We present a new digitally controlled, optically induced electrochemical deposition (OED) method for fabricating silver nanostructures. Projected light patterns were used to induce an electrochemical reaction in a specialized sandwich-like microfluidic device composed of one indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode and an optically sensitive-layer-covered ITO electrode. Silver polyhedral nanopart...

OED (2011) presents itself as “Oxford English Dictionary | The definitive record of the English language”. Superficially, this claim may seem a marketing slogan, but Simpson’s (2000) preface to the third edition shows that it is a reflection of the editors’ understanding of their dictionary, what may be called their ‘lexicographic ideology’. In this paper, I consider the claim from three perspe...