If sexism and racism are the twin evils of contemporary American society, constitutional law must be judged by its ability to deal effectively with these persistent problems. To the accompaniment of much intellectual trumpeting and academic celebration, legal doctrine has developed various devices to combat racial and sexual oppression. Yet the efficacy of such doctrinal reforms remains at best...

l As they did so, they triggered a debate which helped to define the “female difference”, or “difference” in general, and to set out strategies to corroborate that philosophy. The theory adopted here is the feminist view of “difference”. According to Patricia Madoo Lengermann and Jill Niebrugge-Brantley (1996), feminist theories can be placed into one of four categories: difference, inequality,...