we tried to evaluate prevalence and characteristics of iranian hiv infected patients with retinitis due to opportunistic infections. in this cross sectional study, we evaluated 106 hiv infected patients via indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp examination by 90 lens to find retinitis cases. general information and results of ophthalmologic examination were analyzed. prevalence of retinitis due...

“Traditional” principal agent theory interprets franchising as a solution to the agency problems associated with incentives and observability. Franchising has been viewed as an institution that aligns the right to make decisions with the residual claims deriving from these decisions. One problem associated with this explanation, is that in institutions like franchise systems or firms, the relev...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a neurological infectious disease caused by the John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCV), an opportunistic agent with worldwide distribution. This disease is frequently seen in immunosuppressed patients and rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. In the central nervous system PML demyelinating lesions occur in the supratentorial compartment. ...

Candida esophagitis (CE) is a common opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised host. C. glabrata is rarely cited as agent of CE and has been underestimated due to lack of proper identification. In this study, two cases of C. glabrata esophagitis in AIDS and chagasic patients are reported. Diagnosis of Candida species should be considered an important key for the ideal choice of antifunga...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the agent of human tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality globally. Its resurgence during the last two decades is a reflection of its opportunistic relationship with HIV. The challenges associated with the disease are enormous and often debilitating. The role of clinical and research laboratories is central and significant in this regard as prompt an...

Absidia Absidia is one of the pin molds (zygomycetes) that is frequently found in soil and plant debris (Ellis 1994, Zycha et al. 1969). They produce structures (sporangia) filled with sticky spores under relatively moist conditions. It is also known in indoor environments from air and surface samples. No species are known to produce mycotoxins. A. corymbifera is a well-known agent of zygomycos...

Although opportunistic fungal infections occur commonly in immunocompromised hosts, mycetoma has never been reported in association with HIV infection. The authors present a case that to their knowledge is the first reported case of mycetoma associated with HIV infection. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct examination of grains and histologic examination. Precise identification of the agent, an ...

This paper proposes an opportunistic framework to modeling and control of multi-robots moving-target pursuit in dynamic environment with partial observability. The partial observability is achieved via the introduction of third party agent (referred to as mediator) that transforms the target’s as well as group members’ positioning information into the robotic agents’ common knowledge, thereby e...

results the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol with ciprofloxacin showed synergistic inhibitory effect on the p. aeruginosa biofilm formation. the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem showed synergistic inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation. furthermore, the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol, imipenem and ceftazidime did not show any synergisti...

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against lymphocytes through the CD-52 receptor, an antigen being found on > 95% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes, and to a smaller extent on granulocytes. It is an effective immunotherapeutic agent in patients with malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T cell pro- lymphocytic leukem...