BACKGROUND Acute and chronic pain is prevalent in patients with opioid dependence. Lack of knowledge concerning the complex relationship between pain, opioid use, and withdrawal syndrome can account for the barriers encountered for pain management. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual (SL) buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia, compared with intravenous (IV) morph...

Recently, new trend toward non-opioid substances is observed in Iran. This is, therefore, to compare overdose of opioids and non-opioids origin. We performed this investigation to provide more detailed information so that preventive actions are taken in future. Over 18 month, 1876 individuals with opioid (opium, heroin, compact-heroin, buprenorphine and opiates) or non-opioid (MDMA (ecstasy), L...

background: given the paucity of data on possible testis changes in opioid dependents, we sought to compare the testis volumes between a group of opium dependents and a group of healthy controls. objective: comparison of testis volume between opium dependents and healthy controls. materials and methods: this case-control study recruited 100 men with opium dependency (cases) and 100 healthy men ...

Abstract Background:In general, parental substance abuse is associated with children's emotional and behavioral problems. This study only investigated the internalizing problems (depression, anxiety and physical complains) in children of opioid or heroin-dependent parents in comparison with non-opioid dependent parents in order to determine the effects of drug dependency after exclu...

T he world’s entire supply of opioid painkillers begins with the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Every year, about 100,000 ha of the crop is grown for its opiate compounds, which are extracted and converted into analgesics such as codeine and hydrocodone. Bioengineer Christina Smolke of Stanford University thinks it’s time for a new approach. Last year, she developed yeast that turns glucose ...

Background: Opium, as the most widely known opioid in the world, has significant effects on reproductive organs, which can affect fertility and influence the next generation. This study was performed to investigate the effects of opium administration on histological changes and spermatogenesis indexes in the testis of adult male rats. Methods:A total of 50 adu...

background opium abuse significantly affects the nutritional status of users and frequently leads to undernourishment. methadone maintenance therapy has been used as one of the possible ways to prevent of infection diseases such as hiv and hepatitis b and c and improve the quality of life in opioid-dependent patients. objectives the aim of this study was to assess the anthropometric and socio-d...

Opium and its derivatives are potent analgesics that can also induce severe side effects, including respiratory depression and addiction. Opioids exert their diverse physiological effects through specific membrane-bound receptors. Three major types of opioid receptors have been described, termed delta, kappa, and mu. The recent molecular cloning of these receptor types opens up the possibility ...