The analgesic and antidiarrhoeal uses of opium were known to the Sumerians and predynastic Egyptians. During 5000 years of medicinal use, opium has become associated with countries, cultures and prominent individuals, and through several modifications, remains an extensively used analgesic and addictive drug. Morphine, the principle active compound in opium, was first isolated by the German che...

The present epidemiological survey was carried out to estimate the prevalence and pattern of drug abuse in urban population of Madhya Pradesh because such studies were lacking from this state. In the population of 5326, we found that 38.6% were current users. In order of frequency, the drugs used were - tobacco (36.8%), alcohol (26.5%), painkillers (9.8%), cannabis (4.1%), tranquilizers (2.4%) ...

Background: Drug abuse is considered a global and growing problem worldwide. Emergency medical care required for acute intoxication, which adds to the threat of COVID-19. This study aims evaluate effect COVID-19 pandemic on pattern toxicity in drug patients admitted National Environmental Clinical Toxicology Research Center (NECTR), Cairo University. Methods: comparative included 978 cases NECT...

OBJECTIVE Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, increases the quality of perioperative sedation and analgesia with a few side effects. This study was designed to assess the effect of clonidine premedication on the anesthesics used for elective below knee surgeries in opium abusers and non-abusers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 160 patients were selected and assigne...

conclusions by intensive monitoring of the situation of substance abuse among soldiers, commanders can reduce modifiable predictors of suicidal attempt. results the majority of soldiers with mean age of 21.8 (sd = 2.4) years were single (82.1%), employed (54.5%) and had a low level of education or were illiterate (71.1%). in total, 296 (7.5%) soldiers had suicidal attempts in their military ser...

objective(s): smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. the aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. materials and methods: wistar rats were used for the experiments. in the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injections...

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide tropical infectious disease caused by different species of intracellular protozoa parasites of the genus Leishmania . Herein, we report a 78-year-old man with unusual diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) who had a history of opium abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He had multiple papular, crusted and severely ulcerated lesions extended to his ...

introduction: to examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study. methods: male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (iui) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-opium (...

Through epidemiological method, prevalence of drug dependence in the four villages of Panjgur is estimated to be 3.37% of the population.. Cannabis was found to be abused by 1.13%, opium 0.5% and heroin 0.64%. The difference between the estimates of heroin abuse made earlier through information from patients and the current survey is more than five times. It is suggested that currently used est...