objective: drug craving is defined as an urge to continue substance abuse. drug dependents use different terms to express their subjective feeling of craving. this study was an attempt to generate an understanding of craving terminology among different groups of persian speaking iranian opiate dependents. method: terms used for the meaning of drug craving were listed by 36 ex-opiate dependents ...

Background: Breakthrough pain is an exacerbation of occurring in patients with chronic who receive opioid therapy every day. has not been routinely recognized, evaluated and treated. This study aimed to analyze the utilization opiates analgesics, including dose regimentation, frequency use, actual adverse effects cancer breakthrough pain.

BACKGROUND The harm arising from illicit drug use, particularly the use of opiates such as heroin, is of considerable concern in Australia. In 1997–1998, it was estimated that there were approximately 74,000 heroin-dependent people in Australia, with about 35,400 (48 per cent) of these residing in NSW. Between 1989 and 1999, the annual number of deaths attributable to heroin and other opiates a...

Adult diseases cause signifi cant pediatric morbidity. Eleven percent of women of childbearing age are current illicit drug users, and 5% of pregnant women selfreport drug use during pregnancy, which is no doubt an underestimate of the true prevalence. Opiates are the second most common class of abused drugs, after marijuana. Despite the commonly held belief that most opiates are street drugs, ...

OBJECTIVE To document the contraceptive choices and continuation rates for different contraceptives in a group of pregnant women who use opiates. METHODS A prospective study set in a large city in the north of England that looked at 40 pregnant women who used opiates in the index pregnancy. The study involved reviewing the records from the patients' general practitioners with information on t...

Opiates produce analgesia via G-protein signaling, and adverse effects, such as respiratory depression decreased bowel motility, by β-arrestin pathway. Oliceridine, a G protein-biased MOR agonist, only presents modest safety advantages compared to other opiates in clinical trials, possibly due its limited bias. Our previous study shown that LPM3480392, full biased is selective for the Gi pathwa...